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Properties of Nanomaterials

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Green Nanomaterials as Potential Antimicrobials

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Abstract

Atomic and molecular sizes are reaching nanoscale dimensions. All matter may be reduced to its constituent atoms. Due to the growing exposure to nanoparticles, it is essential to analyze the toxicity of NPs-based compounds. Since the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials impact the characteristics of NPs, assessing the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is more critical than ever. Size-dependent effects may be detected in a more prominent way at the nanoscale. In the 1–10 nm range, the electronic properties of semiconductors are determined by quantum mechanical considerations. Quantum dots are thus characterized as nanospheres with a diameter between one and ten nanometers. The sizes and forms of nanomaterials have a considerable effect on their optical properties; quantum dots are one example. The optical properties of a material are intimately related to its electrical and electronic properties, and they may be altered by altering its shape, surface chemistry, or aggregation state. There is a one-to-one relationship between the particle size and the degree of optical absorption they possess. It is known that the optical properties of semiconductors and a number of metals experience considerable changes as a function of particle size. This is easily seen by the colors of the different nanoparticle solutions. The magnetic properties of the nanostructures are diverse from one another. It is conceivable for the energy of magnetic anisotropy in magnetic nanoparticles to be so low that it induces thermal variation in the magnetization vector, resulting in the phenomenon known as superparamagnetism. Mechanically, nanoparticles vary significantly from microparticles and bulk materials. The basic mechanical properties of NPs, such as their hardness and elastic modulus, will help in the design of NPs for specific applications and the assessment of their functions and action mechanisms. In comparison with microcomposites, copper-based nanocomposites have a very high hardness. The thermal conductivities of metal nanoparticles are substantially higher than those of solid fluids. As a direct result of their improved understanding of the underlying nanostructure of materials, scientists are getting a deeper understanding of the crucial factors that regulate the activity, selectivity, reaction processes, and lifetimes of nanocatalysts. In compared to their bulk counterparts, nanoparticle catalysts exhibit greatly enhanced reactivities, giving them distinctive catalytic properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Ali Haider

  2. Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ikram

  3. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Asma Rafiq

Authors
  1. Ali Haider
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  2. Muhammad Ikram
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  3. Asma Rafiq
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Correspondence to Ali Haider .

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Haider, A., Ikram, M., Rafiq, A. (2023). Properties of Nanomaterials. In: Green Nanomaterials as Potential Antimicrobials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18720-9_3

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