SpringerLink
Log in

Smart Energy Management Model for Electric Vehicles

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Energy and Environmental Aspects of Emerging Technologies for Smart Grid

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

  • 62 Accesses

Abstract

Electric car adoption and the development of fast-charging technologies have increased the demand for dependable and safe charging infrastructure. Since linked automobiles and actual charging equipment both have vital electrical components, they both need to be secured against overvoltages. On the network side, it is essential to safeguard the equipment against the impacts of lightning strikes and power fluctuations. Direct lightning strikes are disastrous and challenging to avoid, but the real threat to all kinds of electronic equipment is the electrical surge that follows. Also, all grid-side power-switching processes that are linked to the grid could pose an electrical threat to electric vehicles (EVs) and charging infrastructure. Earth faults and short circuits are two potential causes of damage to these devices. It is crucial to implement the proper safety precautions in order to be ready for these electrical threats. It is essential to protect expensive investments, and the relevant electrical standards provide acceptable methods and means of protection. There are plenty of factors to take into account because there is no one-size-fits-all approach to dealing with the many risk sources. The risk scenarios on the AC and DC sides are identified, along with the related safety measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

PV:

Photovoltaic

EV:

Electric vehicle

V2G:

Vehicle-to-grid

G2V:

Grid-to-vehicle

TOU:

Time-of-use

AC:

Alternating current

DC:

Direct current

EVSE:

Electric vehicle supply equipment

PMSM:

Permanent magnet synchronous motor

IM:

Induction motor

THD:

Total harmonic distortion

SC:

Switched capacitor

References

  1. Lafe O (2013) Power infrastructural development. In: Abulecentrism. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01023-6_2

  2. Lin CL, Hung HC, Li JC (2018) Active control of regenerative brake for electric vehicles. Actuators 7(4):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/act7040084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Desai RR, Chen RB, Armington W (2018) A pattern analysis of daily electric vehicle charging profiles: operational efficiency and environmental impacts. J Adv Transp 2018:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6930932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Shocket A (2012) Smart charging systems for plug-in electric vehicles. World Electr Veh J 5(3):696–701. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj5030696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Das S, Acharjee P, Bhattacharya A (2021) Charging scheduling of electric vehicle incorporating grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid technology considering in smart grid. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 57(2):1688–1702. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.3041808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-Hanahi B, Ahmad I, Habibi D, Masoum MAS (2021) Charging infrastructure for commercial electric vehicles: challenges and future works. IEEE Access 9:121476–121492. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3108817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Saadeh O, Al Nawasrah A, Dalala Z (2020) A bidirectional electrical vehicle charger and grid interface for grid voltage dip mitigation. Energies 13(15):3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13153784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chakraborty S, Simões MG, Kramer WE (2013) Power electronics for renewable and distributed energy systems—a sourcebook of topologies. Control Integr. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5104-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rao HGR, Kiran SNSR (2016) Three phase multi-level inverter for high power applications. In: International conference on electrical, electronics, and optimization techniques (ICEEOT), Chennai, India 4092–4096. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7755485

  10. Tolbert LM, Peng FZ, Habetler TG (1998) Multilevel inverters for electric vehicle applications. Power Electronics in Transportation (Cat. No.98TH8349), Dearborn, MI, USA, pp 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1109/PET.1998.731062

  11. Kabalc E, Boyar A (2021) Multilevel inverter applications for electric vehicle drives. In: Multilevel Inverters. Academic Press, pp 185–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90217-5.00006-X

  12. Biao J, **angwen Z, Yangxiong W (2021) Regenerative braking control strategy of electric vehicles based on braking stability requirements. Int J Automot Technol 22:465–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-021-0043-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Okafor EG, Okafor E, et al (2021) Electric vehicle integrated with PMSM and regenerative braking system speed evaluation based on diverse control strategies. Southwest Jiaotong Univ 56(6):357–369. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.6.30

  14. Liu F, Zhang D, Mohammed S, Calvi A (2021) A PMSM fuzzy logic regenerative braking control strategy for electric vehicles. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 41(4):4873–4881. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-189972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Salkuti SR (2023) Advanced technologies for energy storage and electric vehicles. Energies 16(5):2312. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yang Y, He Q, Fu C, Liao S, Tan P (2020) Efficiency improvement of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles. Energy 213:118859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kumar M, Singh KA (2022) Regenerative braking in electric vehicle using quadratic gain bidirectional converter. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst, pp 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4024730

  18. Li L, ** X, Shi J, Wang X, Wu X (2021) Energy recovery strategy for regenerative braking system of intelligent four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles. IET Intell Transp Systems 15:119–131. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sandeep N, Ali JSM, Yaragatti UR, Vijayakumar K (2019) A self-balancing five-level boosting inverter with reduced components. IEEE Trans Power Electron 34(7):6020–6024. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2889785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. He T, Zhu J, Lu DDC, Zheng L (2019) Modified model predictive control for bidirectional four-quadrant EV chargers with extended set of voltage vector. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron 7(1):274–281. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2870481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Salkuti SR (2022) Emerging and advanced green energy technologies for sustainable and resilient future grid. Energies 15(18):6667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Venkatesh A, Nalinakshan S (2023) Development of an intelligent control strategy for a hybrid energy system integrated with the HEV drive. IETE J Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2023.2192708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Nalinakshan VS, Kumar SP (2021) Dynamically adaptive gain super twisting sliding mode control for extending the range of hydrogen fuel cell based electric vehicles. In: IEEE international conference on electronics, computing and communication technologies (CONECCT), Bangalore, India, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONECCT52877.2021.9622634

  24. Sayed K, Almutairi A, Albagami N, Alrumayh O, Abo-Khalil AG, Saleeb H (2022) A review of dc-ac converters for electric vehicle applications. Energies 15(3):1241. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Suresh K, Parimalasundar E (2022) A modified multi level inverter with inverted SPWM control. IEEE Can J Electr Comput Eng 45(2):99–104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICJECE.2022.3150367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Marangalu MG, Kurdkandi NV, Alavi P, Khadem S, Tarzamni H, Mehrizi-Sani A (2023) A new single dc source five-level boost inverter applicable to grid-tied systems. IEEE Access 11:24112–24127. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3253806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kumar R, Kant P, Singh B (2021) Modified PWM technique for a multi-pulse converter fed multilevel inverter based IM drive. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 57(6):6592–6602. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2021.3111147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Jayakumar V, Chokkalingam B, Munda JL (2022) Performance analysis of multi-carrier PWM and space vector modulation techniques for five-phase three-level neutral point clamped inverter. IEEE Access 10:34883–34906. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3162616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ram V, Infantraj SSR (2022) Modelling and simulation of a hydrogen-based hybrid energy storage system with a switching algorithm. World Electric Veh J 13(10):188. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13100188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Dhanamjayulu C, Padmanaban S, Ramachandaramurthy VK (2021) Design and implementation of multilevel inverters for electric vehicles. IEEE Access 9:317–338. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3046493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sandhu M, Thakur T (2022) Modified cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter for hybrid renewable energy applications. IETE J Res 68(6):3971–3983. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2020.1784802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kumar PD, Ramesh T, Ramakrishna P (2021) Performance analysis of multi-level inverter-fed position sensorless PMSM drive using modified MPTC. IETE J Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1999863

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research work was supported by “Woosong University’s Academic Research Funding—2024”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    J. Vijaya Kumar & Harish Sesham

  2. Department of Railroad and Electrical Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon, 34606, Republic of Korea

    Surender Reddy Salkuti

Authors
  1. J. Vijaya Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Harish Sesham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Surender Reddy Salkuti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Surender Reddy Salkuti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Railroad and Electrical Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon, Taejon-jikhalsi, Korea (Republic of)

    Surender Reddy Salkuti

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kumar, J.V., Sesham, H., Salkuti, S.R. (2024). Smart Energy Management Model for Electric Vehicles. In: Salkuti, S.R. (eds) Energy and Environmental Aspects of Emerging Technologies for Smart Grid. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18389-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18389-8_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-18388-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-18389-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation