Abstract
In the present study, shock wave experiments are conducted on General Carbide cemented tungsten carbide with 3.7 wt.% cobalt binder to determine its shock-induced compression behavior up to 100 GPa. The measured wave profiles indicate the cemented tungsten carbide undergoes elastic-plastic deformation during shock compression. A three-stage particle velocity profile is observed in the experiments – an initial elastic rise to the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), an elastic-plastic ramp indicating substantial post-yield hardening, and finally a rise to the peak shocked Hugoniot state. The results of the experiments are used to determine the HEL, the shock velocity (Us) vs. particle velocity (up) Hugoniot relation, and the longitudinal stress (σx) vs. specific volume (V) curve for the samples. The HEL of the material was determined to lie between 4.41 and 4.58 GPa. The Us − up relation was determined to be Us = 4.97 + 1.457up for particle velocities greater than 0.75 km/s. The measured plastic shock velocities for particle velocities less than 0.7 km/s were found to be larger than those predicted using the linear Us − up Hugoniot relationship, indicating the cemented WC samples to preserve substantial shear strength in the post-yield deformation region. No phase transformation was observed up to 100 GPa.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zuanetti, B., Wang, T., Prakash, V.: Plate impact investigation of the dynamic response of commercial tungsten carbide under shock-induced compression and combined compression-and-shear loading. Int. J. Impact Eng. 131, 200–208 (2019)
Gooch, W.A., Burkins, M.S., Palicka, R.: Ballistic development of U.S. high density tungsten carbide ceramics. J. Phys. IV(10), 741–746 (2000)
Kettenbeil, C., Lovinger, Z., Jiao, T., Mello, M., Clifton, R.J., Ravichandran, G.: Inelastic behavior of tungsten carbide at high pressures. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 159, 104762 (2022)
Dandekar, D.P., Grady, D.E.: Shock equation of state and dynamic strength of tungsten carbide. In: AIP conference proceedings, vol. 620, pp. 783–786. American Institute of Physics (2002)
Barker, L.M., Hollenbach, R.E.: Laser interferometer for measuring high-velocities of any reflecting surfaces. J. Appl. Phys. 43(11), 4669–4675 (1972)
Zuanetti, B., Wang, T., Prakash, V.: A compact fiber-optics based heterodyne combined normal and transverse displacement interferometer. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 033108 (2017)
Yuan, F., Prakash, V.: Plate impact experiments to investigate shock-induced inelasticity in westerly granite. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 60, 277–287 (2013)
Dolan, D.H.: SAND2006–1950: Foundations of VISAR Analysis. Sandial National Laboratory, Alburquerque, NM (2006)
Zuanetti, B., McGrane, S.D., Bolme, C.A., Prakash, V.: Measurement of elastic precursor decay in pre-heated aluminum films under ultra-fast laser generated shocks. J. Appl. Phys. 123(19), 195104 (2018)
Oniyama, T., Gupta, Y.M., Ravichandran, G.: Shock compression of molybdenum single crystals to 110 GPa: elastic-plastic deformation and crystal anisotropy. J. Appl. Phys. 127(20), 205902 (2020)
Mandal, A., Gupta, Y.M.: Elastic-plastic deformation of molybdenum single crystals shocked along [100]. J. Appl. Phys. 121(4), 045903 (2017)
Sunny, G., Yuan, F., Prakash, V., Lewandowski, J.J.: Effect of high strain rates on peak stress in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 093522 (2008)
Grady, D.: Impact failure and fragmentation properties of tungsten carbide. Int. J. Impact Eng. 23, 307–317 (1999)
Appleby-Thomas, G.J., Hazell, P.J., Stennett, C., Cooper, G., Helaar, K., Diederen, A.M.: Shock propagation in a cemented tungsten carbide. J. Appl. Phys. 105(6), 064916 (2009)
McQueen, R.G., Marsh, S.P., Taylor, J.W., Fritz, J.N., Carter, W.J.: Chapter VII: the equation of state of solids from shock wave studies. In: Kinslow, R. (ed.) High-Velocity Impact Phenomena, pp. 293–417. Academic Press, New Yok (1970)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Kurt Zimmerman, Yoshi Toyoda, and Nate Arganbright for their assistance in conducting the experiments. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NA0003957).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, B., Prakash, V. (2023). Structure of Shock Waves and Inelasticity in Shock-Compressed Cemented Tungsten Carbides. In: Mates, S., Eliasson, V., Allison, P. (eds) Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. SEM 2022. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17453-7_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17453-7_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-17452-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-17453-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)