Education, Special

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research
  • 67 Accesses

Synonyms

Education, special needs

Definition

Special education is the educationof students who have a learning difficulty, behavioral or emotional disorder, or other identified disability. It includes both the education of school-aged children and educational intervention for children whose special needs are identified before school age, possibly from birth. Special education may take place in special schools, in special classes in regular schools, or in regular classes. In the case of preschool-aged children, special education may take place in a regular preschool or other child care centers, a specialized early intervention center, or in the child’s home. Special education may be implemented by a trained special education teacher, a regular class teacher, or a teaching assistant. Parents and other professionals such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech pathologists, and psychologists also participate in the planning and implementation of special education...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Australian Government, Federal Register of Legislation: Disability Discrimination Act (1992). Retrieved 2021 from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2018C00125

  • Australian Government, Federal Register of Legislation: Disability standards for education, (2005). Retrieved 2021 from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2005L00767

  • Bank-Mikkelsen, N. E. (1969). Normalization: Letting the mentally retarded obtain an existence as close to normal as possible. Washington, DC: President’s Committee on Mental Retardation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtoldt, J. L., & Bender, V. (2008). A policy analysis: The intersection of the individuals with disabilities education act and the no child left behind act (Order No. 3405433). Available from Education Database. (89154645). Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.newcastle.edu.au/dissertations-theses/policy-analysis-intersection-individuals-with/docview/89154645/se-2?accountid=10499

  • Bender, M., Valletutti, P. J., & Baglin, C. (2008). A functional assessment & curriculum for teaching students with disabilities (Self-care skills, Vol. 1). Austin: ProEd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. M. (1968). Special education for the mentally retarded: Is much of it justifiable? Exceptional Children, 35, 5–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, R. (2012). Introduction. In Words Made Flesh: Nineteenth-Century Deaf Education and the Growth of Deaf Culture (pp. 1–10). New York; London: NYU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qgft6.4

  • Foreman, P. (2009). Education of students with an intellectual disability: Research and practice. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, J. (2006). Intellectual disability. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, H. (Ed.), & Philip, F. (Trans.). (2006).The Deaf Experience: Classics in Language and Education. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, E. W., Martin, R., & Terman, D. L. (1996). The legislative and litigation history of special education. The Future of Children, 6(1), 25–39. PMID: 8689259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, D. (2014). What really works in special and inclusive education? Using evidence-based teaching strategies (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • National Archives United Kingdom, Education Act (1981). Retrieved April 4 2021 from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/60/enacted

  • Nirje, B. (1970). The normalization principle: Implications and comments. British Journal of Mental Subnormality, 16, 62–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nirje, B. (1985). The basis and logic of the normalization principle. Australia & New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 11, 65–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, R. (2007). The history of special education: A struggle for equality in American public schools. Westport: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Report, W. (1978). Special Educational Needs. Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the education of handicapped children and young people. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotatori, A., Obiakor, F., & Bakken, J. (Eds.). (2011). History of special education. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Striker, H.-J. 1999, A History of Disability, (trans.) W. Sayers. University of Michigan, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly. (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Accessed April 4 2021 from https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html

  • United States Congress. (1975). Education for all handicapped children act of 1975. PL94–142. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Congress. (1990). Individuals with disabilities education act of 1990, pub law 101–476. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Congress. (1997). Individuals with disabilities education act amendments of 1997, public law 105–17. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Congress. (2001). No child left behind act of 2001, public law 107–110. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Congress. (2004). Individuals with disabilities education improvement act of 2004, public law 108–446. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L. (2019). Strengths-based approaches to educating all learners with disabilities. Beyond special education. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M., Lattin, D. L., Lapp-Prinker, G., & Agran, M. (2003). Access to the general curriculum for middle school students with mental retardation. Remedial and Special Education, 34(5), 262–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winzer, M. (1993). The history of special education. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. (1972). The principle of normalization in human services. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zirkel, P. A. (2017). RTI and other approaches to SLD identification under the IDEA: A legal update. Learning Disability Quarterly, 40(3), 165–173. http://doi.org.ezproxy.newcastle.edu.au/10.1177/0731948717710778.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Phil Foreman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Foreman, P. (2023). Education, Special. In: Maggino, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_2821

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation