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The Highs and Lows of the Reef Phenomenon

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Corals and Reefs

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 16))

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Abstract

The expected causes of biological crises throughout the Phanerozoic are thought to have resulted mainly from huge volcanic activity generating thermogenic gases (carbon dioxide, methane), metal poisoning and anoxia or from fall of extra-terrestrial bolides. Among more than twenty major crises that have impacted global biodiversity, the most dramatic, the so-called the Big Five occurred at the Ordovician, at the end of the Devonian, at the Permian–Triassic transition, at the Triassic–Jurassic transition, and at the end of the Cretaceous. Most crises are interpreted as caused by anoxia or ocean acidification. Early corals disappeared at the end of Permian, during the most severe mass extinction. Archaic scleractinian species probably survived as naked, soft-body anemones. Although not representative as reef builders until the Jurassic, scleractinians usually participated in reef building. Replaced by bivalve rudists during the Cretaceous as dominant builders, scleractinians survived from the end of the Cretaceous, mainly through asymbiotic forms, while rudists were totally terminated. Several scleractinian-reef gaps occurred in the early Paleocene and the early Eocene. Some coral species experienced significant extinctions in the Caribbean province during the Oligocene–Miocene transition and at the end of the Pliocene while continuing to live in the Indo-Pacific.

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  1. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Marseille, France

    Bertrand Martin-Garin & Lucien F. Montaggioni

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  1. Bertrand Martin-Garin
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  2. Lucien F. Montaggioni
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Martin-Garin, B., Montaggioni, L.F. (2023). The Highs and Lows of the Reef Phenomenon. In: Corals and Reefs . Coral Reefs of the World, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16887-1_5

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