SpringerLink
Log in

Fig (Ficus carica L.) Production and Yield

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fig (Ficus carica): Production, Processing, and Properties

  • 600 Accesses

Abstract

Fig is a subtropical fruit that belongs to the Ficus genus of the Moraceae family. It is grown in some parts of the world, such as the Mediterranean region, Southwest Asia, South America, South Africa, and to a lesser extent in Australia. Fig fruits, with large nutritional values, are consumed fresh or dried. Fig fruits are transformed into several processing products, such as dried figs, preserved fruits, jam, juice, wine, powder, and others, but the most popular ones are preserved fruits and jam. Figs are one of the highest sources of calcium and fiber in plants. Furthermore, dried figs are rich in fiber, essential minerals, and vitamins. Figs have a laxative effect and contain many antioxidants. Moreover, they are a good source of flavonoids and other phenolics. The worldwide cultivation of fig (Ficus carica L.) has achieved great economic importance due to its essential role as a food supplement. This situation has generated great interest in researching its production, processing, and conservation methods. This chapter provides up-to-date information about fig fruits’ nutritional properties, evaluates the production systems of figs in hydroponic and greenhouse conditions, and optimizes the yield and fruit size of figs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 119.50
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
GBP 149.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
GBP 149.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CEC:

Cation Exchange Capacity

GA:

Gibberellic acid

Kg ha:

Kilogram per hectare

SSC:

Soluble solid concentration

TA:

Titratable acidity

TSS:

Total soluble solid

References

  • Adams, J. F., Bryant, H. H., & Mitchell, C. C. (1994). Soil test fertilizer recommendations for Alabama crops.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, A. A., & Konno, K. (2009). Latex: A model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40, 311–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antunes, M. D. C., Mendonça, V., Miguel, M. G., Neves, M. A., Martins, M. A., Gomes, C., Candeias, M. F., & Pica, M. C. (2008). The effect of irrigation level and pre-harvest treatments with calcium oxide on storage ability of fig fruits (ficus carica ‘lampa preta’ and ‘bêbera branca’). Acta Horticulturae, 798, 335–339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arpaci, S. (2015). An overview on fig production and research and development in Turkey. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashihara, W., Kondo, A., Shibao, M., Tanaka, H., Hiehata, K., & Izumi, K. (2004). Ecology and control of eriophyid mites injurious to fruit trees in Japan. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 38(1), 31–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awamura, M., Shoda, K., & Yahata, D. (1996). Effect of various seed parents on frequency distribution of parthenocarpy among seedling progenies of fig (Ficus carica L.). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 65(1), 21–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awamura, M., Yahata, D., & Shoda, K. (1997). Differences in fruit weight and soluble solids content in the juice from caprifig and fig types, and first or second crops among fig (Ficus carica L.) hybrid seedlings. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 66(1), 77–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, C. C. (1989). Classification and distribution of. Ficus. Experientia, 45, 605–611.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouzo, C., Travadelo, M., & Gariglio, N. F. (2012). The effect of different packaging materials on postharvest quality of fresh fig fruit. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 14, 821–825.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2002). The nature and proprieties of soils. Upper Saddle River.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C., & Song, Q. (2008). Responses of the pollinating wasp Ceratosolen solmsi marchali to odor variation between two floral stages of Ficus hispida. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 34(12), 1536–1544.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C., Song, Q., Proffit, M., Bessière, J. M., Li, Z., & Hossaert-McKey, M. (2009). Private channel: A single unusual compound assures specific pollinator attraction in Ficus semicordata. Functional Ecology, 23(5), 941–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cobanoglu, F., Sahin, B., Kocatas, H., & Ozen, M. (2004). Productivity and quality parameters on fig young plant in tube. Gazi Osmanpasa University. Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 21(1), 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colelli, G., Mitchell, F. G., & Kader, A. A. (1991). Extension of postharvest life of mission’ figs by CO2-enriched Atmospheres. Horticultural Science, 26(9), 1193–1195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corrales Garriga, I., Lopez Labarta, P., & Guerra Gomez, A. (2000). Use of poultry manure and mineral fertilizer on guava (Psidium guajava L.). Centro Agricola, 27(4), 47–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisosto, C., & Kader, A. A. (2007). Figs. Postharvest quality maintenance guidelines. Postharvest information for fruits and nuts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisosto, C. H., Bremer, V., Ferguson, L., & Crisosto, G. M. (2010). Evaluating quality attributes of four fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars harvested at two maturity stages. Horticultural Science, 45(4), 707–710.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisosto, C. H., Ferguson, L., Preece, J. E., Michailides, T. J., Haug, M. T., López Corrales, M., & Crisosto, G. M. (2017). Develo** the California fresh fig industry. Journal of Acta Horticulturae, 285–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Carmen Villalobos, M., Serradilla, M. J., Martín, A., Ruiz-Moyano, S., Pereira, C., & de Guía Córdoba, M. (2014). Use of equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging for preservation of ‘San Antonio’and ‘Banane’breba crops (Ficus carica L.). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 98, 14–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson, J. H., & Dickson, C. (1996). Ancient and modern occurrences of common fig (Ficus Carica L.) in the British Isles. Quaternary Science Reviews, 15(5–6), 623–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolgun, O., & Tekintas, F. E. (2008). Production of fig (Ficus carica L.) nursery plants by stem layering method. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 73(3), 157–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, J., & Ferguson, L. (1997). Breeding persistent figs with Calimyrna quality. I International Symposium on Fig, 480, 259–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, A. K., & Yadav, D. S. (2001). Effects of pig manure, nitrogen and phosphorus on fruit yield and quality of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) fruits. Progressive Horticulture, 33(2), 147–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falconí, M. D. (2008). Efectos del escaldado y de la adición de metabisulfito de sodio en la evaluación física y sensorial de aguacate Hass (Persea americana) deshidratado.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO. (2007). Renforcement des systèmes nationaux de contrôle alimentaire: directives pour l’évaluation des besoins en renforcement des capacités. Food & Agriculture Organisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flaishman, M. A., Rodov, V., & Stover, E. (2008). The fig: Botany, horticulture, and breeding. In Horticultural Reviews, 113–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaaliche, B., Majdoub, A., Trad, M., & Mars, M. (2013). Assessment of pollen viability, germination, and tube growth in eight Tunisian caprifig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaikwad, T. S. (1975). Effect of various growth regulators on growth, maturity period and quality of fig cv. Poona Fig. M. Sc. (Agri.) thesis. Mahatma Phule Agricultural University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galil, J., & Neeman, G. (1977). Pollen transfer and pollination in the common fig (Ficus carica L.). New Phytologist, 79(1), 163–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Satisha, G. C., & Patil, P. (2011). Potassium nutrition on yield and quality of fruit crops with special emphasis on banana and grapes. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gella, R., Lopez Corrales, M., Toribio, F., & Marin, J. A. (1997). Elimination of fig mosaic from fig shoot-tip cultures by thermotherapy. I International Symposium on Fig, 480, 173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, E. F. (1993). Plant propagation by tissue culture. Part 1. The Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grison-Pigé, L., Bessière, J. M., & Hossaert-McKey, M. (2002). Specific attraction of fig-pollinating wasps: Role of volatile compounds released by tropical figs. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 28(2), 283–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Günver Dalkılıç, G., Ertan, B., Dağ, S., & Görücüoğlu, P. (2015). Effect of in vitro thermotherapy application on shoot development in some fig cultivars. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 195–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haug, M. T., King, E. S., Heymann, H., & Crisosto, C. H. (2013). Sensory profiles for dried fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars commercially grown and processed in California. Journal of Food Science, 78(8), 1273–1281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holstein, H., Crisosto, G. M., & Crisosto, C. H. (2015). Fertigation with potassium increases size and yield in fresh figs growing in California. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 177–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosomi, A., Dan, M., & Kato, A. (2002). Screening of fig varieties for rootstocks resistant to soil sickness. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 71(2), 171–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossaert-McKey, M., Soler, C., Schatz, B., & Proffit, M. (2010). Floral scents: Their roles in nursery pollination mutualisms. Chemoecology, 20(2), 75–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irfan, P. K., Vanjakshi, V., Prakash, M. K., Ravi, R., & Kudachikar, V. B. (2013). Calcium chloride extends the kee** quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) during storage and shelf-life. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 82, 70–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • İrget, M. E., Aksoy, U., Okur, B., Ongun, A. R., & Tepecik, M. (2008). Effect of calcium based fertilization on dried fig (Ficus carica L. cv. Sarılop) yield and quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 118(4), 308–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacxsens, L., Devlieghere, F., Van der Steen, C., & Debevere, J. (2001). Effect of high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on microbial growth and sensorial qualities of fresh-cut produce. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 71(2–3), 197–210.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari, M., Haghighi, J. A. P., & Zare, H. (2012). Mulching impact on plant growth and production of rainfed fig orchards under drought conditions. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 10(1), 428–433.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari, M., Rahemi, M., & Zare, H. (2015). Increasing the tolerance of fig tree to drought stress by trunk thinning. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 189–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, D. H. (1979). How to be a fig. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 10(1), 13–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javanmard, M. (2010). Occurrence of mould counts and Aspergillus species in Iranian dried figs at different stages of production and processing. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12(3), 331–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javanmard, M., & Mahmoudi, H. (2008). A SWOT analysis of organic dried fig production in Iran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H. G., Flowers, T. J., & Jones, M. B. (2008). Plants under stress: Biochemistry, physiology and ecology and their application to plant improvement. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabasakal, A. (1990). Fig Cultivation, Foundation of Agricultural Research and Promotion, Publishing No: 20. Yalova, Turkey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kai, M., Zhifen, L., Yan, T., & WeiBing, J. (1997). The green cutting propagation techniques for fig trees. China Fruits, 3, 32–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassem, H. A. (2012). The response of date palm to calcareous soil fertilisation. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12(1), 45–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, E. S., Hopfer, H., Haug, M. T., Orsi, J. D., Heymann, H., Crisosto, G. M., & Crisosto, C. H. (2012). Describing the appearance and flavor profiles of fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars. Journal of Food Science, 77(12), S419–S429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konno, K., Hirayama, C., Nakamura, M., Tateishi, K., Tamura, Y., Hattori, M., & Kohno, K. (2004). Papain protects papaya trees from herbivorous insects: Role of cysteine proteases in latex. The Plant Journal, 37(3), 370–378.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsiras, A., Amorgianiotis, T., Tsiavtari, E., Antonopoulos, D. F., & Demopoulos, V. (2017). GIS based soil suitability evaluation for fig orchards in Southern Peloponnese, Greece. Acta Horticulturae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski, T. T., & Pallardy, S. G. (1996). Physiology of woody plants. Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krezdorn, A. H., & Glasgow, S. K. (1970). Propagation of Ficus carica on tropical species of Ficus. Proceedings of the Tropical Region, American Society for Horticultural Science, 14, 156–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurubar, A. R., Allolli, T. B., Naik, M. K., & Angadi, S. G. (2015). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fruit characters, quality and economics of fig production (Ficus carica L.). In V International Symposium on Fig 1173, 213–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurubar, A. R., Allolli, T. B., Naik, M. K., & Angadi, S. G. (2017). Effects of gibberellic acid on growth, yield and fruit quality of fig (Ficus carica L.). Acta Horticulturae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landa, B. B., Montes-Borrego, M., Aranda, S., Soriano, M. A., Gómez, J. A., & Navas-Cortés, J. A. (2014). Soil factors involved in the diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities in commercial organic olive orchards in Southern Spain. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 6(2), 196–207.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lansky, E. P., Paavilainen, H. M., Pawlus, A. D., & Newman, R. A. (2008). Ficus spp.(fig): Ethnobotany and potential as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(2), 195–213.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lauchli, A., & Pfluger, R. (1980). Potassium transport through plant cell membranes and metabolic role of potassium in plants. Potassium transport through plant cell membranes and metabolic role of potassium in plants, 6, 5–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazreg-Aref, H., Gaaliche, B., Ladhari, A., Hammami, M., & Hammami, S. O. (2018). Co-evolution of enzyme activities and latex in fig (Ficus carica L.) during fruit maturity process. South African Journal of Botany, 115, 143–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazreg Aref, H., Gaaliche, B., Fekih, A., Mars, M., Aouni, M., Pierre Chaumon, J., & Said, K. (2011). In vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities of Ficus carica latex extracts. Natural Product Research, 25(3), 310–319.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazreg-Aref, H., Mars, M., Fekih, A., Aouni, M., & Said, K. (2012). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of a hexane extract of Tunisian caprifig latex from the unripe fruit of Ficus carica. Pharmaceutical Biology, 50(4), 407–412.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lionakis, S. M. (1995). Present status and future prospects of the cultivation in Greece of the plants: fig, loquat, Japanese persimmon, pomegranate and Barbary fig. Underutilized fruit crops in the Mediterranean region. Zaragoza: CIHEAM-IAMZ, 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado, C. A., Jousselin, E., Kjellberg, F., Compton, S. G., & Herre, E. A. (2001). Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268(1468), 685–694.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maffei, M. E. (2010). Sites of synthesis, biochemistry and functional role of plant volatiles. South African Journal of Botany, 76(4), 612–631.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour, K. M., Llácer, G., Aksoy, U., & Mars, M. (1995). Underutilized fruit crops in the Mediterranean region (pp. 13–19). CIHEAM-IAMZ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mars, M., Chebli, T., & Marrakchi, M. (1997, June). Multivariate analysis of fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm in southern Tunisia. I International Symposium on Fig, 480, 75–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mars, M., Chatti, K., Saddoud, O., Salhi-Hannachi, A., Trifi, M., & Marrakchi, M. (2008). Fig cultivation and genetic resources in Tunisia, an overview. Acta Horticulturae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mars, M., Gaaliche, B., Ouerfelli, I., & Chouat, S. (2009). Systèmes de production et ressources génétiques du figuier (Ficus carica L.) à Djebba et Kesra, deux villages de montagne au nord-ouest de la Tunisie. Revue des Régions Arides, 22(1), 33–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattos, D., Quaggio, J., & Cantarella, H. (2005). Nitrogen and potassium fertilization impacts fruit yield and quality of citrus. Better Crops, 89(2), 17–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melgarejo, P., Martínez, J. J., Hernandez, F., Salazar, D., & Martínez, R. (2007). Preliminary results on fig soil-less culture. Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam), 111(3), 255–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MI, A. D., Abd El-Rhman, I. E., & Sahar, A. F. (2009). Effect of some antitranspirants and supplementery irrigation on growth, yield and fruit quality of Sultani fig (Ficus carica) grown in the Egyptian western coastal zone under rainfed conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5, 899–908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra, S. K. (1997). Postharvest physiology and storage of tropical and subtropical fruits. Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International, 4(359), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obenauf, C. D., Shaw, H. E., Sydnor, C. F., & Klintworth, G. K. (1978). Sarcoidosis and its ophthalmic manifestations. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 86(5), 648–655.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira, A. P., Silva, L. R., De Pinho, P. G., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Valentão, P., Silva, B. M., Pereira, J. A., & Andrade, P. B. (2010). Volatile profiling of Ficus carica varieties by HS-SPME and GC–IT-MS. Food Chemistry, 123(2), 548–557.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oukabli, A., Bartolini, S., & Viti, R. (2003). Anatomical and morphological study of apple (Malus× domestica Borkh.) flower buds growing under inadequate winter chilling. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 78(4), 580–585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prajapati, N. D., Purohit, S. S., Sharma, A. K., & Kumar, T. (2003). Medicinal plants (Vol. 353, 3rd ed.). Agrobios Published Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preece, J. E., Crisosto, C. H., Ferguson, L., Michailides, T. J., Haug, M. T., López Corrales, M., & Crisosto, G. M. (2015). Develo** the California fresh fig industry. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 285–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahemi, M., & Jafari, M. (2005). Effect of caprifig type on quantity and quality of Estahban dried fig Ficus carica cv. Sabz. III International Symposium on Fig, 798, 249–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, R. B., Anupama, K., Swaroop, K. A., Murugesan, T., Pal, M., & Mandal, S. C. (2002). Evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of Ficus racemosa bark. Phytomedicine, 9(8), 731–733.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rattanpal, H. S., & Sidhu, G. S. (2015). Studies on propagation of fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars by budding. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 173–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rattanpal, H. S., Singh, G., & Singh, G. (2014). Standardization of rapid propagation technique for fig (Ficus carica l.) cultivars by budding. HortFlora Research Spectrum, 3(1), 94–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, P. K., Singh, A. K., & Kumar, A. (2008). Performance of Pusa Delicious papaya under organic farming. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 65(1), 100–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saddoud, O., Chatti, K., Salhi-Hannachi, A., Mars, M., Rhouma, A., Marrakchi, M., & Trifi, M. (2007). Genetic diversity of Tunisian figs (Ficus carica L.) as revealed by nuclear microsatellites. Hereditas, 144(4), 149–157.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saddoud, O., Baraket, G., Chatti, K., Trifi, M., Marrakchi, M., Mars, M., & Salhi-Hannachi, A. (2011). Using morphological characters and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to characterize Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica, 53(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scopel, E., Da Silva, F. A., Corbeels, M., Affholder, F., & Maraux, F. (2004). Modelling crop residue mulching effects on water use and production of maize under semi-arid and humid tropical conditions. Agronomie, 24(6–7), 383–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Șen, F., Aksoy, U., Özer, K. B., Can, H. Z., Köseoğlu, İ., & Konak, R. (2017). Impact of yearly conditions on major physical and chemical properties of fresh, semi-dried and sun-dried fig (Ficus carica L. ‘Sarılop’) fruit. Acta Horticulturae, (1173), 309–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirazi, A., & Cameron, A. C. (1992). Controlling relative humidity in modified atmosphere packages of tomato fruit. HortScience, 27(4), 336–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soliman, S. S., Alebidi, A. I., Al-Obeed, R. S., & Al-Saif, A. M. (2018). Effect of potassium fertilizer on fruit quality and mineral composition of fig (Ficus carica L. cv. Brown Turky). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50(5), 1753–1758.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, A., Golubowicz, S., Yablowicz, Z., Grossman, S., Bergman, M., Gottlieb, H. E., Altman, A., Kerem, Z., & Flaishman, M. A. (2006). Antioxidant activities and anthocyanin content of fresh fruits of common fig (Ficus carica L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(20), 7717–7723.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stover, E., Aradhya, M., Ferguson, L., & Crisosto, C. H. (2007). The fig: Overview of an ancient fruit. Journal of horticultural science, 42(5), 1083–1087.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapia, R., Botti, C., Carrasco, O., Prat, L., & Franck, N. (2001). Effect of four irrigation rates on growth of six fig tree varieties. II International Symposium on Fig, 605, 113–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villaescusa, R., & Gil, M. I. (2003). Quality improvement of Pleurotus mushrooms by modified atmosphere packaging and moisture absorbers. Journal of Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28(1), 169–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villalobos, M. C., Ansah, F., Amodio, M. L., Serradilla, M. J., & Colelli, G. (2015). Application of modified atmosphere packaging with moisture absorber to extend the shelf life of ‘Domenico Tauro’ breba fruit. V International Symposium on Fig, 1173, 365–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinson, J. A. (1999). The functional food properties of figs. Cereal Foods World, 44(2), 82–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. G., Mohammed, G. H., & Noland, T. L. (1999). Critical period of interspecific competition for northern conifers associated with herbaceous vegetation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29(7), 890–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiblen, G. D. (2002). How to be a fig wasp. Annual Review of Entomology, 47(1), 299–330.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiebes, J. T. (1979). Co-evolution of figs and their insect pollinators. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 10(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zare, H., Zare, E., Pir Moradiyan, N., Joukar, L., Mobayen, K., Nazari, A., & Kamkar Haghighi, A. A. (2009). Reducing damages caused by drought on the rainfed fig cultivation and its economic-social impacts. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zare, H., Moosavi-Movahedi, A. A., Salami, M., Mirzaei, M., Saboury, A. A., & Sheibani, N. (2013). Purification and autolysis of the ficin isoforms from fig (Ficus carica cv. Sabz) latex. Phytochemistry, 87, 16–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. EcoChem Laboratory, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage (UCAR), Tunis, Tunisia

    Malek Ben Temessek, Hana Chrifa & Sami Fattouch

Authors
  1. Malek Ben Temessek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wafa Talbi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hana Chrifa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sami Fattouch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ben Temessek, M., Talbi, W., Chrifa, H., Fattouch, S. (2023). Fig (Ficus carica L.) Production and Yield. In: Ramadan, M.F. (eds) Fig (Ficus carica): Production, Processing, and Properties. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16493-4_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation