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Cardiovascular and Immune Systems

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In a Class of Their Own

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

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Abstract

Birds have high metabolic rates and so require an efficient cardiovascular system that provides their cells and tissues with sufficient oxygen. Birds are also exposed to a wide variety of pathogens and so require an effective immune system. In this chapter, the structure and function of the avian cardiovascular system are explained, including how the blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. Adaptations that allow some birds to fly at high altitudes where there is less oxygen and to dive under water when breathing is not possible are discussed. The specific functions of the formed elements in bird blood, including red blood cells, thrombocytes, and white blood cells, are also described. The various components of the avian immune system are described and the various ways that the immune system acts against pathogens and their toxins are explained in detail. The structure and function of the avian heart and blood vessels are explained, as is the process by which the flow of blood to different tissues and organs varies as needed to ensure that blood flow matches changes in metabolic activity.

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Ritchison, G. (2023). Cardiovascular and Immune Systems. In: In a Class of Their Own. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14852-1_6

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