Jewellery and Gemstones

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Raman Spectroscopy in Cultural Heritage Preservation

Abstract

The role of Raman spectroscopic studies in identifying natural and synthetic gemstones is comprehensively evaluated. Input to provenance studies and correlation of spectral data with combined techniques. Distinguishing gems from glass and the detection of fakes and results from the improvement of the quality of gemstones by artificial methods. Case studies of jade, corals, pearls, ivory and ambers. Development of onsite interrogation of jewelled reliquaries and monstrances.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akiva, A., Neder, M., Kahil, K., Gavriel, R., Pinkas, I., Goobes, G., Mass, T.: Reply to: characterizing coral skeleton mineralogy with Raman spectroscopy. Nature Comm. 9, 5324 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aminzadeh, A.: Fluorescence bands in the FT-Raman spectra of some calcium minerals. Spectrochim. Acta A. 53(5), 693–697 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antonakos, A., Liarokapis, E., Leventouri, T.: Micro-Raman and FTIR studies of synthetic and natural apatites. Biomaterials. 28(19), 3043–3054 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angelini, I., Bellintani, P.: Archaeological ambers from northern Italy: an FTIR-DRIFT study of provenance by comparison with geological amber database. Archaeometry. 47(2), 441–454 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arslanlar, Y.T., Garcia-Guinea, J., Kibar, R., Cetin, A., Ayvacikli, M., Can, N.: Luminescence behavior and Raman characterization of jade from Turkey. Appl. Rad. & Isotopes. 69(9), 1299–1306 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badea, G.I., Caggiani, M.C., Colomban, P., Mangone, A., Teodor, E.D., Teodor, E.S., Radu, G.L.: Fourier transform Raman and statistical analysis of thermally altered samples of Amber. Appl. Spectrosc. 69(12), 1457–1463 (2015)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baita, C., Lottici, P.P., Salvioli-Mariani, E., Vandenabeele, P., Librenti, M., Antonelli, F., Bersani, D.: An integrated Raman and petrographic characterization of Italian mediaeval artifacts in pietra ollare (soapstone). J. Raman Spectrosc. 45(1), 114–122 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakamska, A., Abrashev, M., Kostov, R.I.: Omphacite-bearing axes from the early Neolithic site Galabnik (Western Bulgaria): mineral identification by Raman spectroscopy. Rev. Bulgarian Geol. Soc. 79(1–2), 51–57 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Balooch, M., Habelitz, S., Kinney, J.H., Marshall, S.J., Marshall, G.W.: Mechanical properties of mineralized collagen fibrils as influenced by demineralization. J. Struct. Biology. 162(3), 404–410 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, W., de Waal, D.: Raman investigation of pigmentary molecules in the molluscan biogenic matrix. J. Raman Spectrosc. 37(1–3), 342–352 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barone, G., Bersani, D., Lottici, P.P., Mazzoleni, P., Raneri, S., Longobardo, U.: Red gemstone characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy: the case of rubies and their imitations. J. Raman Spectrosc. 47(12), 1534–1539 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergamonti, L., Bersani, D., Csermely, D., Lottici, P.P.: The nature of the pigments in corals and pearls: a contribution from Raman spectroscopy. Spectrosc. Lett. 44(7–8), 453–458 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, O., Yersin, P.B., Yersin, J.M.B., Hartmann, C., Hildbrand, E., Hubert, V., Hunger, K., Ramstein, N., Woerle, M.: Applications of micro-Raman spectroscopy in cultural heritage – examples from the Laboratory for Conservation Research of the collections Centre of the Swiss National Museums. Chimia. 62(11), 882–886 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bersani, D., Lottici, P.P.: Application of Raman spectroscopy to gemology. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 397, 2631–2646 (2010)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bersani, D., Azzi, G., Lambruschi, E., Barone, G., Mazzoleni, P., Raneri, S., Longobardo, U., Lottici, P.P.: Characterization of emeralds by micro-Raman spectroscopy. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45(11–12), 1293–1300 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bi, Y.F., Zhang, Y., Yan, J.W., Wu, Z.C., Li, Y.: Classification and discrimination of minerals using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Plasma Sci. & Techn. 17(11), 923–927 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bicchieri, M., Nardone, M., Russo, P.A., Sodo, A., Corsi, M., Cristoforetti, G., Palleschi, V., Salvetti, A., Togoni, E.: Characterization of azurite and lazurite based pigments by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta Part A- Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 56(6), 915–922 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodier-Houlle, P., Steuer, P., Voegel, J.C., Cuisinier, F.J.G.: First experimental evidence for human dentine crystal formation involving conversion of octacalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite. Acta Crysrallogr. Scet. D-Struct. Biol. 54(6), 1377–1381 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonventi Jr., W., Isotani, S., Albuquerque, A.R.P.: Color dependence on thickness in topaz crystal from Brazil. Adv. Condens. Matt. Phys. 2012, 873804 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, R.H., Edwards, H.G.M., Pollard, A.M.: A study of amber and copal samples using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta A. 57, 1325–1338 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, R.H., Edwards, H.G.M., Pollard, A.M.: Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopic study of natural resins of archaeological interest. Biopolymers. 67, 129–141 (2002)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruni, Y., Hater, F., George, P., Strivay, D.: The reliquary bust of Saint Lambert from the Liege cathedral, Belgium: gemstones and glass beads analysis by pXRF and Raman spectroscopy. Archaeometry. 62(2), 297–313 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buffon, G.L.L.: Histoire Naturelle des Minéraux, pp. 251–259. tome septième, Imprimerie Royale, Paris (1787)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burruss, R.C., Ging, T.G., Ep**er, R.G., Samson, I.M.: Laser-excited fluorescence of rare earth elements in fluorite: initial observation with a laser Raman microprobe. Geochim. & Cosmochim. Acta. 56(7), 2713–2723 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burshtein, Z., Henderson, D.O., Morgan, S., Silberman, E.: Vibrational-spectra of Chrysoberyl (BeAlO4). J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 50(11), 1095–1100 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caggiani, M.C., Colomban, P., Valotteau, C., Mangone, A.: Mobile Raman spectroscopy analysis of ancient enamelled glass masterpieces. Anal. Meth. 5(17), 4345–4354 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calligaro, T.: In: Uda, M., Demortier, G., Nakai, I. (eds.) The Origin of Ancient Gemstones Unveiled by PIXE, PIGE and Mu-Raman Spectrometry, X-Ray for Archaeology, pp. 101–112. Springer, Dordrecht, NL (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3581-0_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Calligaro, T., Mossmann, A., Poirot, J.P., Querre, G.: Provenance study of rubies from a Parthian statuette by PIXE analysis. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. Sct. B-Beam Inter. Mater. Atom. 136, 846–850 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calligaro, T., Colinart, S., Poirot, J.P., Sudres, C.: Combined external-beam PIXE and mu-Raman characterisation of garnets used in Merovingian jewelry. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. Phys. Res. Sct. B-Beam Inter. Mater. Atom. 189, 320–327 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, S.M., Qi, L.J., Guo, Q.H., Zhong, Z.Q., Qiu, Z.L., Li, Z.G.: Study on the vibrational spectra characterization of synthetic jadeite jade made by General Electric company. Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 28(4), 847–851 (2008)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capel Ferron, C., Leon-Reina, L., Jorge-Villar, S., Compana, J.M., Aranda, M.A.G., Lopez Navarrete, J.T., Hernandez, V., Medianero, F.J., Ramos, J., Weniger, G.-C., Dominguez-Bella, S., Cantalejo, P., Espejo, M., Duran Valsero, J.J.: Combined Raman Spectroscopic and Rietveld Analyses as a Useful and Nondestructive Approach to Studying Flint Raw Materials at Prehistoric Archaeological Sites. Springer Heidelberg (2015)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carceller Pastor, I., Huchison, W.D., Riesen, H.: Temperature dependence of the chromium(III) R1 linewidth in emerald. Chem. Phys. Lett. 564, 33–36 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casadio, F., Douglas, J.G., Faber, K.T.: Noninvasive methods for the investigation of ancient Chinese jades: an integrated analytical approach. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387(3), 791–801 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheilletz, A., Feraud, G., Giuliani, G., Rodriguez, C.T.: Time-pressure and temperature constraints on the formation of Colombian emeralds – an AR-40/AR-39 laser microprobe and fluid inclusion study. Econ. Geol. & Bull Soc. Econ. Geolog. 89(2), 361–380 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T.H.: A Raman spectroscopic study of heat-treated nephrite. Phase Transit. 81(2–3), 205–216 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T.H.: Aventurine glass in Western and Eastern History: occurrence, fabrication and artistry, International Conference on Glass in Archaeology and History: cultural, economic and artistic exchanges, 27th–28th March 2018, National Palace Museum – Academy Sinica, Taipeh, Taiwan. Accessed 28th November (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T.H., Menu, M.: Heating Effect On Serpentine Jades, Proceedings of the 22th International Conference of Raman spectroscopy. Champion P.M.; Ziegler L.D. Eds, AIP Conference Proceedings. 1267, 321 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T.H., Calligaro, T., Pages-Camagna, S., Menu, M.: Investigation of Chinese archaic jade by PIXE and mu Raman spectrometry. Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. & Process. 79(2), 177–180 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q.L., Yuan, X.Q., Chen, J.Z., Qi, L.J.: Study on the treatment turquoise using Raman spectroscopy. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 30(7), 1789–1792 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q.L., Xu, Y.L., Ai, S.J., He, A.Q., Yin, Z.W.: Vibrational spectra of Caesious Nephritefrom Qinghai Province. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 34(8), 2017–2020 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.J.H.: Van der Weerd J. identification of pigments and gemstones on the Tours gospel: the early 9th century Carolingian palette. J. Raman Spectrosc. 35(4), 279–283 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.J.H., Curri, M.L., Laganara, C.: Raman microscopy: the identification of lapis lazuli on medieval pottery fragments from the south of Italy, Spectrochim. Acta-Part A Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 53(4), 597–603 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coccato, A., Karampelas, S., Wörle, M., van Willigen, S., Pétrequin, P.: Gem quality and archeological green ‘jadeite jade’ versus ‘omphacite jade’. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45(11–12), 1260–1265 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P.: Gel technology in ceramics, glass-ceramics and ceramic-ceramic composites. Ceram. Int. 15, 23–50 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P.: Lapis lazuli as unexpected blue pigment in Iranian Lajvardina ceramics. J. Raman Spectrosc. 34(6), 420–423 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P.: Colouring agents of glass, glaze and enamel: tracing innovation and exchange routes. In: Edwards, H.G.M., Vandenabeele, P. (eds.) Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History, Vol. 2, Supplementary Chapter. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2019) http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/books/178801/9781788011389/bk9781788011389.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P., Kremenovic, A.: Asbestos-based pottery from Corsica: the first fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite. Materials. 13, 3597 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163597

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P., Mancini, D.: Lacquerware pigment identification with fixed and Mobile Raman microspectrometers: a potential technique to differentiate original/fake artworks. Arts. 2, 111–123 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3390/arts2030111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P., Milande, V.: On site analysis of the earliest known Meissen porcelain and stoneware. J. Raman Spectrosc. 37(5), 606–613 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P., Simsek Franci, G.: On-site Raman spectroscopic study of beads from the necropolis of Vohemar, Northern Madagascar (>13th centuries). Heritage. 4, 524–540 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Colomban, P., Kirmizi, B., Clais, J.-B., Gironda, M.: An on-site Raman and pXRF study of Joseph Coteau and PhilippeParpette’s jewelled porcelain: a summit of ceramic art. J. Cult. Herit. 42, 82–94 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/jculher.2020.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, J., Hope, A.: Raman and Fluoresecence spectroscopy of CeO2, ErO3, Nd2O3, Tm2O3, Yb2O3, La2O3, and Tb4O7. J. Spectrosc. ID 940172 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/940172

  • Culka, A., Jehlicka, J.: Sequentially shifted excitation: a tool for suppression of laser-induced fluorescence in mineralogical applications using portable Raman spectrometers. J. Raman Spectrosc. 49(3), 526–537 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Culka, A., Jehlicka, J.: A database of Raman spectra of precious gemstones and minerals used as cut gems obtained using portable sequentially shifted excitation Raman spectrometer. J. Raman Spectrosc. 50(2), 262–280 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Culka, A., Jehlička, J.: Identification of gemstones using portable sequentially shifted excitation Raman spectrometer and RRUFF online database: a proof of concept study. Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 134, 130 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12596-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daher, C., Paris, C., Le Hô, A.-S., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Echard, J.-P.: A joint use of Raman and infrared spectroscopies for the identification of natural organic media used in ancient varnishes. J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(11), 1494–1499 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Castillo, H.C., Deprez, N., Dupuis, T., Mathis, F., Deneckere, A., Vandenabeele, P.: Towards the differentiation of non-treated and treated corundum minerals by ion-beam-induced luminescence and other complementary techniques. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394(4), 1043–1058 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, J.Q., Han, Y.L., Ye, J.W., Li, Q.H., Liu, S., Gu, D.H.: In situ identification of gemstone beads excavated from tombs of the Han dynasties in Hepu country, Guangxi Province, China using a portable Raman spectrometer. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45(7), 596–602 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorenbos, P.: The 5d level positions of the trivalent lanthanides in inorganic compounds. J. Luminesc. 91(3–4), 1555–1176 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubessy, J., Caumon, M.C., Rull, F. (Eds.): Raman spectroscopy applied to Gemmology, in Applications of RAMAN Spectroscopy to Earth Sciences and Cultural Heritage, Proceedings of the 12th Conference European Mineral. Union (EMU), European Mineralogical Union Notes in Mineralogy, vol 12, pp. 455–489. Mineralogical Soc., UK & Ireland: London 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumanska-Slowik, M., Powolny, T., Sikorska-Jaworowska, M., Gawel, A., Kogut, L., Polonski, K.: Characteristics and origin of agates from Ploczki Gorne (lower Silesia, Poland): a combined microscopic, micro-Raman, and. Cathodoluminescence study. Spectrochim. Acta Part A- Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 192, 6–15 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M.: Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of an amber necklace-a forensic historical study. Anal. & Bioanal. Chem. 397(7), 2677–2683 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Falk, M.J.: Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of ancient resins: a feasibility study of application to archaeological artefacts. J. Raman Spectrosc. 28, 211–218 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Farwell, D.W.: Ivory and simulated ivory artefacts: fourier transform Raman diagnostic study, Spectrochim. Acta part A- Mol. & Biomol. Spectroscopy. 51(12), 2073–2081 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Munshi, T.: Diagnostic Raman spectroscopy for the forensic detection of biomaterials and the preservation of cultural heritage. Anal & Bioanal. Chem. 382(6), 1398–1406 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Farwell, D.W., Seddon, T., Tait, J.K.F.: Scrimshaw – real or fake – a Fourier-transform Raman Dignostic study. J. Raman Spectrosc. 26(8–9), 623–628 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Farwell, D.W., Holder, J.M., Lawson, E.E.S.: Acta Part A.-Mol. & Biomol. Spectroscopy. 53(13), 2403–2409 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., de Oliveira, L.F.C., Quye, A.: Raman spectroscopy of coloured resins used in antiquity: dragon’s blood and related substances, Spectrochim. Acta Part A-Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 57(14), 2831–2842 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Jorge Villar, S.E., Nik Hassam, N.F., Arya, N., O’Connor, S.A.: Ancient biodeterioration: an FT–Raman spectroscopic study of mammoth and elephant ivory. Anal. & Bioanal. Chem. 383(4), 713–720 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Brody, R.H., Hassan, N.F.N., Farwell, D.W., O’Connor, S.: Identification of archaeological ivories using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Anal. Chim. Acta. 559(1), 64–72 (2006a)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, H.G.M., Nik Hassan, N.F., Arya, N.: Evaluation of Raman spectroscopy and application of chemometric methods for the differentiation of contemporary ivory specimens I: elephant and mammalian species. J. Raman Spectrosc. 37(1–3), 353–360 (2006b)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, J.L., Guo, S.G., Liu, X.L.: Application of Raman spectrometer (785 nm) to jadeite test. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 27(10), 2057–2060 (2007)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, J.L., Guo, S.G., Liu, X.L.: The application of confocal micro-Raman spectrometer to nondestructive identification of filled gemstones. Spectrosc. Lett. 47(3), 129–135 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, R.F., Maia, L.F., Couri, M.R.C., Costa, L.A.S., de Oliveira, L.F.C.: Raman spectroscopy as a tool in differentiating conjugated polyenes from synthetic and natural sources, Spectrochim. Acta Part A-Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 134, 434–441 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fetterolf, M.L., Leverette, C.L., Perez, C., Smith, G.W.: Identification of a consistent polyene component of purple pigment in diseased sclerites of Carribbean corals across region, species, and insult agents, Spectrochim. Acta Part A-Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 185, 276–278 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischbach, N., Ngo, A.T., Colomban, P., Pauly, M.: Beads excavated from Antsiraka Boira necropolis (Mayotte Island, 12(th)-13(th) centuries) Colouring agents and glass matrix composition comparison with contemporary southern Africa sites. Archeosciences –Revue d’Archéométrie. 40, 83–102 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis Jr., P.: Asia’s Maritime Bead Trade, 300BC to the Present. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fridrichova, J., Bacik, P., Rusinova, P., Antal, P., Skoda, R.: Optical and crystal-chemical changes in aquamarines and yellow beryls from Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam induced by heat treatment. Phys. & Chem. Miner. 42(4), 287–302 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furst, S., Muller, K., Gianni, L., Paris, C., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Pare, C.F.E., Reiche, I.: Raman investigations to identify Corallium rubrum in iron age jewelry and ornaments. Fortschr. Mineral. 6(2), 56 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gendron, F., Smith, D.C., Gendron-Badou, A.: Discovery of jadeite-jade in Guatemala confirmed by non-destructive Raman microscopy. J. Archaeol. Sci. 29(8), 837–851 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiou, R., Gueriau, P., Sahle, C.J., Bernard, S., Mirone, A., Garrouste, R., Bergmann, U., Rueff, J.P., Bertrand, L.: Carbon speciation in organic fossils using 2D to 3D x-ray Raman multispectral imaging. Sci. Adv. 5(8), eaaw5019 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Giarola, M., Mariotto, G., Barberio, M., Ajo, D.: Raman spectroscopy in gemmology as seen from a ‘jeweller’s’ point of view. J. Raman Spectrosc. 43(11), 1828–1832 (2012a)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giarola, M., Mariotto, G., Ajo, D.: Micro-Raman investigations on inclusions of unusual habit in a commercial tanzanite gemstone. J. Raman Spectrosc. 43(4), 556–558 (2012b)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gliozzo, E.: Variations on the silica theme: classification and provenance from Pliny to current supplies, in contribution of mineralogy to cultural heritage. In: Artioli, G., Oberti, R. (eds.) European Mineral. Union (EMU), vol. 20, pp. 13–85. Mineralogical Society UK & Ireland, Twickenham (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gliozzo, E., Mattingly, D.J., Cole, F., Artioli, G.: In the footsteps of Pliny: tracing the sources of Garamantian carnelian from Fazzan, south-West Libya. J. Archaeol. Sci. 52, 218–241 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetze, J., Nasdala, L., Kleeberg, R., Wenzel, N.: Occurrence and distribution of "moganite" in agate/chalcedony: a combined micro-Raman, Rietveld, and cathodoluminescence study. Contr. Mineral.& Petrogr. 133(1–2), 96–105 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goetze, J., Nasdala, L., Kempe, U., Libowitzky, E., Rericha, A., Vennemann, T.: The origin of black colouration in onyx agate from Mali, Mineral. Magazine. 76(1), 115–117 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, N.A., Scharff, M.W., Garcia-Casco, A., Saenz-Samper, J.: Winged plates of the Nahuange and Tairona societies (100-1600 AD), Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia: raw material and areas of origin. Latin Am. Antiquity. 29(4), 774–792 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gouadec, G., Colomban, P., Piquet, N., Trichet, M.F., Mazerolles, L.: Raman/Cr3+ fluorescence map** of a melt-grown Al2O3/GdAlO3 eutectic. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 25(8), 1447–1453 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, J.E., Nassau, K.: Raman spectra of light-coupling prism and gemstone materials. Appl. Spectrosc. 34(4), 395–399 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, M.F., Calligaro, T., Perea, A.: The treasure of Guarrazar: tracing the gold supplies in the Visigothic Iberian Peninsula. Archaeometry. 49(1), 53–74 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez, P.C., Ynsa, M.D., Climent-Font, A., Calligaro, T.: Detection of beryllium treatment of natural sapphires by NRA. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. Phys. Res. Sct. B-Beam Inter. Mater. Atom. 268, 2038–2041 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guiliano, M., Asia, L., Onoratini, G., Mille, G.: Applications of diamond crystal ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to the characterization of ambers, Spectrochim. Acta. Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 67(5), 1407–1411 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatipoglu, M., Ajo, D., Kibici, Y., Passeri, D.: Natural carbon black (Oltu-stone) from Turkey: a micro-Raman study. Neues Jahrbuch Mineral.Abhandlungen. 189(1), 97–101 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, K.R., Hark, R.R., Burgio, L., Derbyshire, A.: Spectroscopic analysis of pigments in late 18th and early 19th century portrait miniatures by William Wood, abstracts of the papers from American Chemical Society. vol. 243 Meeting Abstract: 24-ANYL, (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulthén, B.: On ceramic ware in northen Scandinavia during the neolithic, bronze, and ealy iron age. A ceramic-ecological study. In: Archaeology and Environment Series (e-Book), 8th edn. University of Umea, Umea (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huong, L.T.T., Hofmeister, W., Hager, T., Karampelas, S., Khoi, N.N., Nguy, T.N., Atichat, W., Pisutha-Arnond, V.: Aquamarine from the Thuong Xuan district. Than Hoa Province, Vietnam, Gems & Gemology. 47(1), 42–48 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huong, L.T.T., Hofmeister, W., Hager, T., Karampelas, S., Kien, N.D.T.: A preliminary study on the separation of natural and synthetic emeralds using vibrational spectroscopy. Gems & Gemology. 50(4), 287–292 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jehlicka, J., Culka, A.: Miniaturized Raman spectrometers applied to gemstone analyses on works of art, ch. 16. In: Vandenabeele, P., Edwards, H. (eds.) Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History, vol. 2, pp. 234–253. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jehlicka, J., Culka, A., Bastova, M., Basta, P., Kuntos, J.: The ring monstrance from the Loreto treasury in Prague: handheld Raman spectrometer for identification of gemstones. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. A-Math. Phys. & Engn Sci. 374(2082), 20160042 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jehlicka, J., Culka, A., Bersani, D., Vandenabeele, P.: Comparison of seven portable Raman spectrometers: beryl as a case study. J. Raman Spectrosc. 48(10), 1289–1299 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jersek, M., Kramar, S.: Raman microspectroscopy of gemstones from a chalice made in 1732. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45(11–12), 1000–1005 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, C., Lai, J.T., Yin, Z.W., Zhu, Z.Z.: The research on spectroscopy and locality characteristics of the nephrite jade from Hechi, in Guangxi. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 37(12), 3819–3827 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyner, L., Freestone, I., Robinson, J.: Crowning glory: the identification of gems on the head reliquary of St Eustace from the Basle cathedral Treasury. J. Gemmology. 30(3–4), 169–182 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczorowska, B., Hacura, A., Kupka, T., Wrzalik, R., Talik, E., Pasterny, G., Matuszewska, A.: Spectroscopic characterization of natural corals. Anal. & Bioanal. Chem. 377(6), 1032–1037 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadlecikova, M., Breza, J., Vanco, L., Gregor, M., Bazovsky, I.: Raman spectroscopy of ancient beads from Devin Castle near Bratislava and of four intaglios from other archaeological finds in Slovakia. J. Gemmology. 34(6), 510–517 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakoulli, I., Prikhodko, S.V., King, A., Fischer, C.: Earliest evidence for asbestos composites linked to byzantine wall paintings production. J. Archaeol. Sci. 44, 148–153 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karampalas, S., Woerle, M., Hunger, K., Lanz, H.: Micro-Raman spectroscopy on two chalices from the Benedictine Abbey of Einsiedeln: identification of gemstones. J. Raman Spectrosc. 43(11), 1833–1838 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karampelas, S., Fritsch, E., Mevellec, J.Y., Gauthier, J.P., Sklavounos, S., Soldatos, T.: Determination by Raman scattering of the nature of pigments in cultured freshwater pearls from the mollusk Hyriopsis cumingi. J. Raman Spectrosc. 38(2), 217–230 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karampelas, S., Fritsch, E., Makhlooq, F., Mohamed, F., Al-Alawi, A.: Raman spectroscopy of natural and cultural pearls and pearl producing mollusc shells. J. Raman Spectrosc. 51(9), 1813–1821 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelloway, S., Edwards, H.G.M., Swarbrick, B., Carter, E.A.: Discrimination of contraband ivories using Long wavelength portable Raman instrumentation, ch. 9. In: Vandenabeele, P., Edwards, H. (eds.) Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History, vol. 2, pp. 123–140. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefert, L., Hanni, H.A., Chalain, J.P.: Identification of gemstone treatments with Raman spectroscopy. In: Andrews, D.L., Asakura, T., Jutamulia, S., Kirk, W.P., Lagally, M.G., Lal, R.B., Trolinger, J.D. (eds.) Optical Devices and Diagnostics in Materials Science, Proc. Soc. Photo-Optical Instrument. Engin (SPIE), vol. 4098, pp. 241–251. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefert, L., Hardy, P., Schollenbruch, K., Xu, W.: New case studies: diamonds, jades, corundum and spinel, ch. 17. In: Vandenabeele, P., Edwards, H. (eds.) Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History, vol. 2, pp. 254–270. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirmizi, B., Chen, S., Colomban, P.: The Raman signature of protonic species as a potential tool for the dating/authentication of glazed pottery. J. Raman Spectrosc. 50(5), 696–710 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koleini, F., Colomban, P., Pikirayi, I., Prinsloo, L.C.: Glass beads, markers of ancient trade in sub-Saharan Africa: methodology, State of the Art and Perspectives. Heritage. 2, 2343–2369 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koleini, F., Colomban, P., Pikirayi, I.: Post-15th century European glass beads in southern Africa: composition and classification using pXRF and Raman spectroscopy. J. Archaeol. Sci. Reports. 29(2), 102183 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korybska-Sadlo, I., Gil, G., Gunia, P., Horszowski, M., Sitarz, M.: Raman and FTIR spectra of nephrites from the zloty Stok and Jordanow Slaski (the Sudetes and fore-Sudetic block, SW Poland). J. Mol. Struct. 1166, 40–47 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kos, S., Dolenec, M., Lux, J., Dolenec, S.: Raman microspectroscopy of garnets from S-fibulae from the archaeological site Lajh (Slovenia). Fortschr. Mineral. 10(4), 325 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruzslicz, A.B., Nasdala, L., Wildner, M., Skoda, R., Redhammer, G.J., Hauzenberger, C., Wanthanachaisaeng, B.: Black spinel-a gem material from Bo Phloi, Thailand. J. Gemmology. 37(1), 66–79 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Yang, M.X., Di, J.R., He, C.: Spectra characterization of the Uvarovite in Anorthitic jade. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 38(6), 1758–1762 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long, D.A., Edwards, H.G.M., Farwell, D.W.: The Goodmanham plane: Raman spectroscopic analysis of a Roman ivory artefact, j. Raman Spectrosc. 39(3), 322–330 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makreski, P., Jovanovski, G.: Minerals from Macedonia. XXII. Laser-induced fluorescence bands in the FT-Raman spectrum of almandine mineral. J. Raman Spectrosc. 39(9), 1210–1213 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mancini, D., Tournié, A., Caggiani, M.C., Colomban, P.: Testing of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive tool for the investigation of glass-protected miniature portraits. J. Raman Spectrosc. 43(2), 294–302 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manrique-Ortega, M.D., Casanova-Gonzalez, E., Mitrani, A., Gonzalez-Cruz, A., Cuevas-Garcia, M., Ruvalcaba-Sil, J.L.: Spectroscopic examination of red Queen’s funerary mask and her green stone offering from the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico. Spectrochim. Acta Part A- Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 234, 118205 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKeown, D.A.: Raman spectroscopy, vibrational analysis, and heating of buergerite tourmaline. Phys. Chem. Mineral. 35(5), 259–270 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merlin, J.C., Deledubois, M.L.: Resonance Raman characterization of polyacetylenic pigments in the calcareous skeleton. Comp. Biochem. & Phys. B-Biochem. & Mol. Biol. 84(1), 97–103 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, J.S., White, R.: The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, 2nd edn. Butterworth Heinemann, London (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, J.S., White, R., Gough, L.J.: The chemical composition of Baltic amber. Chem. Geol. 47(1–2), 15–39 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moe, K.S., Moses, T.M., Johnson, P.: Polymer-impregnated turquoise. Gems & Gemology. 43(2), 149–151 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moroz, I., Roth, M., Bourdeulle, M., Panczer, G.: Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence of emeralds from various deposits. J. Raman Spectrosc. 31(6), 485–490 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moroz, I., Vapnik, Y., Eliezri, I., Roth, M.: Mineral and fluid inclusion study of emeralds from the Lake Manyara and Sumbawanga deposits, Tanzania. J. African Earth Sci. 33(2), 377–390 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, K., Reiche, I.: Differentiation of archaeological ivory and bone materials by micro-PIXE/PIGE with emphasis on two upper Palaeolithic key sites: Abri Pataud and Isturitz, France. J. Archaeol. Sci. 38(12), 3234–3243 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasdala, L., Irmer, G., Wolf, D.: The degree of metamictization in zircon – a Raman spectroscopic study. Eur. J. Mineral. 7(3), 471–478 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nocete, F., Varas, J.M., Schuhmacher, T.X., Banerjee, A., Dindorf, W.: The ivory workshop of Valencina de la Concepcion (Seville, Spain) and the identification of ivory from Asian elephant on the Iberian Peninsula in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC. J. Archaeol. Sci. 40(3), 1579–1592 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odriozola, C.P., Cordero, J.A.G., Daura, J., Sanz, M., Martinez-Blanes, J., Aviles, M.A.: Amber imitation? Two unusual cases of Pinus resin-coated beads in Iberian late prehistory (3rd and 2nd millennia BC). PLoS One. 14(5), e0215469 (2019)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Osterrothova, K., Minarikova, L., Culka, A., Kuntos, J., Jehlicka, J.: In situ study of stones adorning a silver Torah shield using portable Raman spectrometers. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45(9), 830–837 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osticioli, I., Mendes, N.F.C., Nevin, A., Gil, F.R.C., Becucci, M., Castellucci, E.: Analysis of natural and artificial ultramarine blue pigments using laser induced breakdown and pulsed Raman spectroscopy, statistical analysis and light microscopy. Spectrochim. Acta Part A- Mol. & Biomol. Spectrosc. 73(3), 525–531 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palanza, V., Di Martino, D., Paleari, A., Spinolo, G., Prosperi, L.: Micro-Raman spectroscopy applied to the study of inclusions within sapphire. J. Raman Spectrosc. 39, 1007–1011 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paris, C., Coupry, C.J.: Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of the first cellulose-based artificial materials in heritage. J. Raman Spectrosc. 36(1), 77–82 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parthasarathy, G., Kunwar, A.C., Srinivasan, R.: Occurrence of moganite-rich chalcedony in Deccan flood basalts, Killari, Maharashtra, India. Eur. J. Mineral. 13(1), 127–134 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasteris, J.D., Wopenka, B., Freeman, J.J., Rogers, K., Valsami-Jones, E., van der Houwen, J.A.M., Silva, M.J.: Lack of OH in nanocrystalline apatite as a function of degree of atomic order: implications for bone and biomaterials. Biomaterials. 25(2), 229–238 (2004)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Penel, G., Leroy, G., Rey, C., Bres, E.: MicroRaman spectral study of the PO4 and CO3 vibrational modes in synthetic and biological apatites. Calcified Tissue Int. 63(6), 475–481 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peretyazhko, I.S., Zagorsky, V.Y., Smirnov, S.Z., Mikhailov, M.Y.: Conditions of pocket formation in the Oktyabrskaya tourmaline-rich gem pegmatite (the Malkhan field, central Transbaikalia, Russia). Chem. Geol. 210(1–4), 91–111 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrova, Z., Jehlicka, J., Capoun, T., Hanus, R., Trojek, T., Golias, V.: Gemstones and noble metals adorning the sceptre of the Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague: integrated analysis by Raman and XRF handheld instruments. J. Raman Spectrosc. 43(9), 1275–1280 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinet, M., Smith, D.C., Lasnier, B.: La Microsonde Raman en Gemmologie, Revue de Gemmologie. Hors Série, Paris, June (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prencipe, M.: Simulation of vibrational spectra of crystals by ab initio calculations: an invaluable aid in the assignment and interpretation of the Raman signals. The case of jadeite (NaAlSi2O6). J. Raman Spectrosc. 43(11), 1567–1569 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prieto, A.C., Martinez, O., Souto, J., Avella, M., Guedes, A.: Study of a tabernacle with a remarkable architectural structure: in situ examination using Raman spectroscopy. J. Raman Spectrosc. 44(8), 1156–1162 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prinsloo, L.C., Tournié, A., Colomban, P.: A Raman spectroscopic study of the glass trade beads excavated at Mapungubwe hill and K2, two important archaeological sites in southern Africa, raises questions about the last occupation date of the hill. J. Archaeol. Sci. 38(12), 3264–3277 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, Z.L., Jiang, Q.Y., Luo, H., Qin, S.C., Li, L.F.: Raman spectra and its application of graphite enclaves in nephrite-jades in **uyan, Liaoning. Spectrosc. & Sprectr. Anal. 30(11), 2985–2988 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Queffelec, A., Fouere, P., Paris, C., Stouvenot, C., Bellot-Gurlet, L.: Local production and long-distance procurement of beads and pendants with high mineralogical diversity in an early Saladoid settlement of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). J. Archaeol. Rep. 21, 275–288 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Quilichini, K., Cesari, J., Leandri, F., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Canobbio, E., Gratuze, B., Leandri, C., Paris, C.: Provenance studies and Economico-cultural implications of middle bronze age vitreous and Peche- resinous ornaments from Campu Stefanu, shelter 1 (Corse-du-Sud). Archeosciences –Revue d’Archéométrie. 40, 65–81 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, B.J., Frost, R.L., Martens, W.N., Wain, D.L., Kloprogge, J.T.: Spectroscopic characterization of Mn-rich tourmalines. Vibr. Spectrosc. 44(1), 42–49 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiche, I., Pages-Camagna, S., Lambacher, L.: In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich’s cross from the treasury of Basel cathedral. J. Raman Spectrosc. 35(8–9), 719–725 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds Jr., R., DiStefano, M., Lahann, R.: Randomly interstratified serpentine/chlorite: its detection and quantification by powder X-ray di_raction methods. Clay Clay Miner. 40, 262–267 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romanov, S.G., Johnson, N.P., Fokin, A.V., Butko, V.Y., Yates, H.M., Pemble, M.E.: Enhancement of the photonic gap of opal-based three-dimensional gratings. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(16), 2091–2093 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rondeau, B., Fritsch, E., Guiraud, M., Renac, C.: Opals from Slovakia ("Hungarian" opals): a re-assessment of the conditions of formation. Eur. J. Mineral. 16(5), 789–799 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roqué-Rosell, J., Torchy, L., Roucau, C., Lea, V., Colomban, P., Regert, M., Binder, D., Pelegrin, J., Sciau, P.: Influence of heat treatment on the physical transformations of flint used by Neolithic societies in the Western Mediterranean. Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 1311, 81–88 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachanbinski, M., Girulski, R., Bobak, D., Lydzba-Kopczynska, B.: Prehistoric rock crystal artefacts from lower Silesia (Poland). J. Raman Spectrosc. 39(8), 1012–1017 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, J.V.: Structure of opals. J. Physique. 46, C3–C1 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sax, M., Meeks, N.D., Michaelson, C., Middelton, A.P.: The identification of carving techniques on Chinese jade. J. Archaeol. Sci. 31, 1413–1428 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmetzer, K., Krzemnicki, M.S.: Nail-head spicules as inclusions in Chrysoberyl from Myanmar. J. Gemmology. 34(5), 434–438 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmetzer, K., Bernhardt, H.J., Gilg, H.A.: Characterization of oriented inclusions in Cat’s-eye, star and other Chrysoberyls. J. Gemmology. 35(1), 28–54 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharikova, A., Peerzada, L., Pisila, K., Khoo, T.C., Cherkinsky, A., Khmaladze, A.: Raman spectroscopy allows for the determination of elephant ivory age. Appl. Spectrosc. 74(8), 940–947 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702820930037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S.K., Virgo, D., Mysen, B.O.: Raman study of the coordination of aluminum in jadeite melts as a function of pressure. Am. Mineral. 64(7–8), 779–787 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shashoua, Y., Berthelsen, M.B.L.D., Nielsen, O.F.: Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies applied to the conservation of archaeological Baltic amber. J. Raman Spectrosc. 37, 1221–1227 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.C., Gendron, F.: Archaeometric application of the Raman microprobe to the non-destructive identification of two pre-Columbian ceremonial polished ‘greenstone’ axe-heads from Mesoamerica. J. Raman Spectrosc. 28(9), 731–738 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C.P., McClure, S.F., Eaton-Magana, S., Kondo, D.M.: Pink-to-red coral: a guide to determining origin of color. Gems & Geology. 43(1), 4–15 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sodo, A., Municchia, A.C., Barucca, S., Bellatreccia, F., Della Ventura, G., Butini, F., Ricci, M.A.R.: FT-IR and XRD investigation of natural opals. J. Raman Spectrosc. 47(12), 1444–1451 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soldati, A.L., Jacob, D.E., Wehrmeister, U., Hofmeister, W.: Structural characterization and chemical composition of aragonite and vaterite in freshwater cultured pearls. Mineral. Mag. 72(2), 579–592 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song, O.: A study on the property change of the aquamarines with heat treatment temperature. J. Korean Gems & Jewellry. 6(2), 190–196 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Souza, D.N., de Lima, J.F., Valerio, M.E.G., Fantini, C., Pimenta, M.A., Moreira, R.L., Caldas, L.V.E.: Influence of thermal treatment on the Raman, infrared and TL responses of natural topaz. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Inter. Mater. Atoms. 191, 230–235 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, F.L.: Alkaline rocks and gemstones, Australia: a review and synthesis. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 43(3), 323–343 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D.B., Nascimbene, P.C., Dove, C.J., Grimaldi, D.A., James, H.F.: Seeking carotenoid pigments in amber-preserved fossil feathers. Sci. Rep. 4, 5226 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trapani, J., Fischer, D.C.: Discriminating proboscidean taxa using features of the Schreger pattern in tusk dentin. J. Archaeol. Sci. 30(4), 429–438 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Truica, G.I., Teodor, E.D., Teodor, E.S., Litescu, S.C.R., G.L..: FTIR- VAR and statistical studies on Amber artefacts from three Romanian archaeological sites. J. Archaeol. Sci. 39, 3524–3533 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truica, G.I., Ditaranto, N., Caggiani, M.C., Mangone, A., Litescu, S.C., Teodor, E.D., Sabatini, L., Radu, G.L.: A multi-analytical approach to amber characterisation. Chem. Papers. 68(1), 15–21 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsydenova, N., Morozov, M.V., Rampilova, M.V., Vasil’ev, Y.A., Matveeva, O.P., Konovalov, P.B.: Chemical and spectroscopic study of nephrite artifacts from Transbaikalia, Russia: geological sources and possible transportation routes. Quatern. Int. 355, 114–125 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urmos, J., Sharma, S.K., Mackenzie, F.T.: Characterization of some biogenic carbonates with Raman spectroscopy. Am. Mineral. 76(3–4), 641–646 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vapnik, Y., Sabot, B., Moroz, I.: Fluid inclusions in Ianapera emerald, southern Madagascar. Int. Geol. Rev. 47(6), 647–662 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Euw, S., Zhang, Q.H., Manichev, V., Murali, M., Gross, J., Feldman, L.C., Gustafsson, T., Flach, C., Mendelsohn, R., Falkowski, P.G.: Biological control of aragonite formation in stony corals. Science. 356(6341), 933–938 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wadley, L., de la Pena, P., Prinsloo, L.C.: Responses of south African agate and Chalcedony when heated experimentally, and the broader implications for heated archaeological minerals. J. Field Archaeol. 42(4), 364–377 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R.: Progress review of the scientific study of Chinese ancient jade. Archaeometry. 53(4), 674–692 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R., Li, Y.S.: Multiexcitation Raman spectroscopy in identification of Chinese jade. Spectrosc. Lett. 44(6), 432–439 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R., Zhang, W.S.: Application of Raman spectroscopy in the non destructive analyses of ancient Chinese jades. J. Raman Spectrosc. 42, 1324–1329 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.L., Yang, Q., Li, C.Z.: Raman spectroscopic study of Ming dynasty bar-tile from Hei**g of Lufeng. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 24(7), 823–825 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R., Feng, M., Wu, W.H., Gao, F., Wang, C.S.: Application of Raman spectra to the research of jades excavated from Xue Jiagang site. Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 25(9), 1422–1425 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.Y., Gan, F.X., Zhao, H.X.: Inclusions of black-green serpentine jade determined by Raman spectroscopy. Vibr. Spectrosc. 66, 19–23 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehrmeistern, U., Jacob, D.E., Soldati, A.L., Loges, N., Hager, T.: Amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline calcium carbonates in biological materials. J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(5), 926–935 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weselucha-Birczynska, A., Slowakiewicz, M., Natkaniec-Nowak, L., Proniewicz, L.M.: Raman microspectroscopy of organic inclusions in spodumenes from Nilaw (Nuristan, Afghanistan), Spectrochim. Acta Part A- Mol. & Biomol. Spectr. 79(4), 789–796 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, W., Kirchner, E.C., Asenbaum, A., Musso, M.: A Raman spectroscopic approach to the maturation process of fossil resins. J. Raman Spectrosc. 32, 59–63 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wopenka, B., Pasteris, J.D.: A mineralogical perspective on the apatite bone. Mater. Sci. & Eng. C-Biomimetic & Supramol. Syst. 25(2), 131–143 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • **, H., Chen, M., Yang, Q., Zhu, Y., Wang, K., Fang, X., Hu, D.: Natural reinforcing effect of inorganic colloids on excavated ancient jades. J. Cult. Herit. 46, 52–60 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.05.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, X.Y., Kanzaki, M., Fukui, H., Ito, E., Hashimoto, T.: Cation order and hydrogen bonding of high-pressure phases in the Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system: an NMR and Raman study. Am. Mineral. 91(5–6), 850–861 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, X.Y., Kanzaki, M., Fukui, H.: Unique crystal chemistry of two polymorphs of topaz-OH: a multi-nuclear NMR and Raman study. Am. Mineral. 95(8–9), 1276–1293 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, X.D., Shi, G.H., Liu, Y.: Vibrational spectra of black species of Hetian nephrite (Tremolite jade) and its color genesis. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 32(3), 681–685 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, Z.W., Jiang, C., Santosh, M., Chen, Y.M., Bao, Y., Chen, Q.L.: Nephrite jade from Guangxi Province, China. Gems & Gemology. 50(3), 228–235 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y.W., Liu, Y., Liu, T.T., Zari, M., Liu, Y.Q.: Ibrational spectra of Hetian nephrite from **njiang. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 32(2), 398–401 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H.X., Gan, F.X.: Application of Raman spectroscopic technique to the identification and investigation of Chinese ancient jades and jade artifacts. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 29(11), 2989–2993 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H.X., Li, Q.H., Hu, Y.Q., Gan, F.X.: Nondestructive analysis of jade artifacts from the cemetery of the Ying state in Henan Province, China using confocal Raman microspectroscopy and portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. J. Raman Spectrosc. 45, 173–178 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zu, E.D., Chen, D.P., Zhang, P.X.: Identification of B jade by Raman spectroscopy. Spectrosc. & Spectr. Anal. 23(1), 64–66 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Edwards, H.G.M., Vandenabeele, P., Colomban, P. (2023). Jewellery and Gemstones. In: Raman Spectroscopy in Cultural Heritage Preservation. Cultural Heritage Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14379-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation