Abstract
Ever since the theory of natural selection was proposed, the study of how characters are inherited across generations has become a principal paramount in biology. These studies have focused on deciphering how phenotypic variation and plasticity across generations contribute to population maintenance and evolution. In this regard, studying how the experience of environmental conditions of a parental population influences offspring phenotypic characteristics through epigenetic processes has gained substantial attention in the past decades. In particular, the mechanisms underpinning this type of transgenerational acclimation include maternal provisioning, microbiome transfer, inheritance of epigenetic markers (e.g., DNA methylation, small RNAs, and histone modifications), and behavioral and cultural processes. These phenomena can result in the programming of the next generation and influence their survival and adaptability to changing environmental conditions. To better understand this topic, in the first part of this chapter I will introduce the reader to the scientific framework on which transgenerational epigenetic programming, and non-genetic inheritance in general, finds its roots. In the second part, I revised the concepts of ‘epigenetics’, ‘transgenerational inheritance’, and, ‘programming’, with the purpose of building a solid ground on which we can base an integrated and deeper discussion in the subsequent sections. The third part of this chapter is focused on discussing the connection between these three concepts, as well as to delve into the tight, but complex, link between ‘transgenerational epigenetic programming’ and developmental biology. After revieing the concept and providing examples of its complexity, I discuss the potential evolutionary implications of transgenerational epigenetic programming in the fourth part of the chapter. Finally, I posit a list of topics and approaches that warrant further research in this scientific field and provide future directions that will help to elucidate knowledge gaps.
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Bautista, N.M. (2022). Transgenerational Epigenetic Programming. In: Vaschetto, L.M. (eds) Epigenetics, Development, Ecology and Evolution. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13771-6_5
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