Abstract
Ground-based extraction has been commonly used for primary transport of wood in the eastern United States and worldwide. In most cases, ground-based extraction can be the most economical way to deliver wood from stump to landing, but it is sensitive to topographical factors, which affect the productivity and cost of the harvesting operations. Conditions such as steep or rugged ground, wetlands, or environmentally sensitive areas are problems for ground-based systems and generally require the use of an alternative extraction method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Belart, F., Leshchinsky, B., Sessions, J., Chung, W., Green, P., Wimer, J., & Morrissette, B. (2019). Sliding stability of cable-assisted tracked equipment on steep slopes. Forest Science, 65(3), 304–311.
Cavalli, R., & Amishev, D. (2019). Steep terrain forest operations–challenges, technology development, current implementation, and future opportunities. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 30(3), 175–181.
Cavalli, R. (2015). Forest operations in steep terrain. In Proceedings of the Conference CROJFE (pp. 18–20).
Chase, C. W., Reiter, M., Homyack, J. A., Jones, J. E., & Sucre, E. B. (2019). Soil disturbance and stream-adjacent disturbance from tethered logging in Oregon and Washington. Forest Ecology and Management, 454, 117672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117672.
Egan, A., Waldron, K., Hicks, R., & Skousen, J. (2002). Effects of shovel logging and rubber-tired skidding on surface soil attributes in a selectively harvested northern hardwood stand. Journal of Forest Engineering, 13(1), 27–35.
Garren, A. M., Bolding, M. C., Aust, W. M., Moura, A. C., & Barrett, S. M. (2019). Soil disturbance effects from tethered forwarding on steep slopes in Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. Forests, 10(9), 721.
Greene, W. D., & Reisinger, T. W. (1999). Harvesting and roads. The University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Kluender, R., Lortz, D., McCoy, W., Stokes, B., & Klepac, J. (1997). Productivity of rubber-tired skidders in southern pine forests. Forest Products Journal, 47(11/12), 53–58.
Lanford, B., & Stokes, B. J. (1995). Comparison of two thinning systems. Part 1. Stand and site impacts. Forest Products Journal, 45(5), 74–79.
LeDoux, C. B., & Huyler, N. K. (2001). Comparison of two cut-to-length harvesting systems operating in eastern hardwoods. Journal of Forest Engineering, 12(1), 53–59.
Petitmermet, J., Sessions, J., Bailey, J., & Zamora-Cristales, R. (2019). Cost and productivity of tethered cut-to-length systems in a dry-forest fuel-reduction treatment: A case study. Forest Science, 65(5), 581–592.
Pierzchała, M., Talbot, B., & Astrup, R. (2014). Estimating soil displacement from timber extraction trails in steep terrain: Application of an unmanned aircraft for 3D modelling. Forests, 5(6), 1212–1223.
Phillips, A. P. (1983). Skidder load capacity and fuel consumption HP-41C program. Research Paper NE-537. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Sessions, J., & Boston, K. (2006). Optimization of road spacing for log length shovel logging on gentle terrain. International Journal of Forest Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2006.10702530.
Sessions, J., Leshchinsky, B., Chung, W., Boston, K., & Wimer, J. (2016). Theoretical stability and traction of steep slope tethered feller-bunchers. Forest Science, 63(2), 192–200.
Visser, R., & Stampfer, K. (2015). Expanding ground-based harvesting onto steep terrain: A review. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering: Journal for Theory and Application of Forestry Engineering, 36(2), 321–331.
Tufts, R. A., & Brinker, R. W. (1993). Valmet’s Woodstar series harvesting system: A case study. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 17(2), 69–74.
Wang, J., & Greene, W. D. (1999). An interactive simulation system for modeling stands, harvests, and machines. Journal of Forest Engineering, 10(1), 81–89.
Wang, J., Long, C., McNeel, J., & Baumgras, J. (2004a). Productivity and cost of manual felling and cable skidding in central Appalachian hardwood forests. Forest Products Journal., 54(12), 45–51.
Wang, J., Long, C., & McNeel, J. (2004b). Production and cost analysis of a feller-buncher and grapple skidder in central Appalachian hardwood forests. Forest Products Journal, 54(12), 159–167.
Wang, J., LeDoux, C., & Li, Y. (2005). Simulating cut-to-length harvesting operations in Appalachian hardwoods. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 16(2), 11–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, J. (2022). Ground-Based Extraction. In: Forest and Biomass Harvest and Logistics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12946-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12946-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12945-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-12946-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)