Abstract
This chapter discusses the main principles of hydrodynamics and hull form design for an efficient cruise ship and describes terms such as trial and service speed and Froude number. In addition to CFD (Computation Fluid Dynamics) simulations, physical model tests are still part of any cruise ship design; principles of both are outlined. Seakee** characteristics, air resistance, air lubrication system, principles of maneuvering, dimensioning of bow thrusters and effect of additional weight on propulsion power is explained.
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Notes
- 1.
Other coefficients are used as well: for example, prismatic coefficient Cp and midship section coefficient Cm.
- 2.
The displacement in tons in converted to cubic meters by dividing it by seawater density of 1.025 t/m3.
- 3.
If the frontal area A = 1400 m2, air resistance coefficient C = 0.85, ship speed v = 23.2 knots (12.0 m/s), density of air Δ = 1.2 kg/m3, the air resistance F is \({\text{F}} = {\text{C}} \times 0.5 \times {\uprho } \times {\text{A }} \times {\text{ v}}^{2}\) = 103 kN. From this resistance we can calculate that propulsion power needed to overcome air resistance is 1892 kW, or about 5% of the total required power at speed of 23.2 knots (see Sect. 5.5).
- 4.
There are ferries, which have in principle contra rotating propellers: the aft propeller is in a pod unit, and the forward propeller is turned by a traditional shaftline, creating a CRP combination. This, however, has not become a popular solution.
- 5.
PD (delivered power) and PS (shaft power) are practically the same; here PD is used.
- 6.
Admiralty Coefficient “AC” is calculated with the equation \(A_{C} = \frac{{\Delta^{2/3} \times v^{3} }}{P}\), where Δ = displacement weight, v = ship speed and P = propulsion power. Admiralty coefficient can be used for comparison of ships (higher the AC is, the more efficient the hull form) or estimating the effect of small changes in power, speed, or displacement by kee** the AC constant when varying other parameters.
- 7.
SOLAS requires lifeboats are “as far as practicable, in a secure and sheltered position…” and “Where appropriate, the ship shall be so arranged that lifeboats, in their stowed positions, are protected from damage by heavy seas”. However, there are many ships on which lifeboats are completely overhanging the ship’s side, risking waves damaging the boats in heavy weather, or even risking the boats hitting structures on pier. Seakee** tests may need to be done to prove the overhanging lifeboats are not in danger, and a limited operational area may need to be imposed to avoid the worst conditions.
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Aarnio, M. (2023). Hydrodynamics. In: Cruise Ship Handbook. Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Ship**, vol 14. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11629-2_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11629-2_5
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