Abstract
This chapter outlines the main safety features of a cruise ship, including structural fire protection, main vertical zones (MVZ), active fire protection, requirements for materials and principles of escape arrangements, with special items such as room-in-room alarm. Lifesaving appliances, including lifeboats, life rafts, life jackets, MES (Marine Evacuation System) and NES (Novel Evacuation System) are included. Safe return to port regulation (SRtP) and its effect on cruise ship design is described. Requirements for helicopter operations, both for lift only area and for a proper landing area are described. Biological safety, security and cyber security are included as well.
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Notes
- 1.
For example, aluminum can be used, but in practice it needs to have fire insulation on both sides to be equivalent to steel, reducing significantly the weight saving potential. Use of composite materials on cruise ships is also very challenging. However, glass can be used: possibilities are A-0 rated glass with sprinkler protection or even A-60 rated glass.
- 2.
Main Vertical Zones (MVZ) were earlier called Main Fire Zones (MFZ).
- 3.
USCG considers that only public spaces larger than 50 m2 and with more than 50 occupants can be considered large public spaces, and thus are allowed to open directly into a staircase.
- 4.
Void is an enclosed, empty space not used for any purpose and without normal access. Cofferdam is an isolating space, for example, between fuel tank and cabin area or between two tanks.
- 5.
“Certified” means the time has a classification society certificate or a MED (Marine Equipment Directive) certificate. MED is in principle for EU flag ships but is usually accepted by other flags as well.
- 6.
However, in sauna wooden lining and ceiling is allowed, but the sauna compartment needs to be surrounded by A-60 boundary.
- 7.
Exception is the insulation material for cold rooms.
- 8.
Small amount of combustible material, such as skirting boards, facings, moldings, and decorations is allowed, as long as the amount fits into fire load calculation; in this calculation the maximum calorific value of combustible material for a specific ceiling and wall cannot exceed 45 MJ/m2, and the average thickness of combustible material cannot exceed 2.5 mm.
- 9.
Abandon ship signal is the combination of general alarm (7 short blasts and 1 long blast) and a verbal order transmitted through ship’s Public Address (PA) system.
- 10.
Assembly station was earlier called muster station.
- 11.
The four consecutive decks are calculated together so that stair width is (100% N1 + 100% N2 + 50% N3 + 25% N4) × 10 mm. N1 is the largest number of esca** persons and N4 the lowest number of esca** persons on the four decks considered.
- 12.
Point Nemo is the furthest point from any land, having about 1500 nautical mile distance to Pitcairn Islands, to Easter Islands and to Antarctica. Point Nemo is also where decommissioned satellites and space stations are guided to crash.
- 13.
Beaufort 8 corresponds to wind speed of 17–21 m/s (39–46 mph) and maximum probable wave height of 7.5 m (24.6 ft).
- 14.
D-value is the largest overall dimension of the helicopter when the rotors are turning.
- 15.
CAP437 is made for continuous helicopter operations. Ferries, for which landing areas are required, follow less demanding IMO recommendation (MSC/Circ.895) intended for emergency situations only.
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Aarnio, M. (2023). Safety. In: Cruise Ship Handbook. Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Ship**, vol 14. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11629-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11629-2_3
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