Abstract
The treatment of bacterial biofilms has been progressively troubled due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Biofilms exacerbate the fight against infections as they provide a protective environment for microbial cells, hindering the penetration of antimicrobial agents and favoring the uptake of elements necessary for cell survival like water, oxygen, and nutrients. Indeed, many first-line antimicrobial agents have become ineffective in treating biofilm-related infections, instigating the search for new antimicrobial agents. Natural products, particularly plant-derived compounds known as phytochemicals, have been shown to be effective, with an excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial profile, even against drug-resistant bacteria. This chapter addresses the main concepts of biofilm-associated mechanisms that promote bacterial survival. Moreover, different phytochemicals are described for biofilm prevention and control, correlating the mode of action of phytochemicals to the inhibition/alteration of virulence factors and other biofilm mechanisms. The scientific evidence of a wide variety of phytochemicals being described in this chapter should support future efforts to fast-track in vitro research to clinical applications to fight biofilm-related infectious diseases.
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Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by: Base Funding—UIDB/00511/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy—LEPABE—funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); Projects Biocide_for_Biofilm—TDC/BII-BTI/30219/2017—POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030219; Germirrad—POCI-01-0247-FEDER-072237 funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES; Project “HealthyWaters—Identification, Elimination, Social Awareness and Education of Water Chemical and Biological Micropollutants with Health and Environmental Implications,” with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000069, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Sousa, M., Gomes, I.B., Simões, L.C., Simões, M., Ribeiro, M. (2022). The Action of Phytochemicals in the Control of Pathogenic Biofilms. In: Richter, K., Kragh, K.N. (eds) Antibiofilm Strategies. Springer Series on Biofilms, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10992-8_15
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