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Estimation of the Influence of Contamination by Rocket Fuel Combustion Products on the Chemical and Isotopic Composition of the Lunar Regolith in the Polar Regions

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Advances in Geochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Planetary Sciences

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Abstract

Permanently-shadowed Polar Regions of the Moon contain in deposits of ice water and other volatile substances. Current intensification of polar regions investigation using landing spacecrafts creates preconditions for contamination of polar regolith by rocket exhaust. Such contamination can influence the interpretation of the obtained information on chemical and isotopic composition of lunar volatiles. On the basis of theoretical modeling of the condensation of the rocket exhaust in the cold traps it is shown that the level of contamination of the regolith surface could be quite insignificant, about ng/g. However, locally it could be higher due to a possible interaction of the rocket jet with the porous frozen regolith which should take place at the Luna 25, 27, 28 spacecrafts landing sites. Based on the analysis of the distribution of volatiles in the low-latitude regolith and the Cabeus near-polar crater, the question of possible chemical and isotopic composition of the polar regolith volatiles is investigated. It is shown that the chemical and isotopic composition of the volatiles in the non-polar regolith varies within a very wide range, so that the fuel composition is likely to be within this interval. Reliable chemical markers of the primary nature of volatiles could be sulfur and mercury, which are absent from the composition of the rocket gases. We conclude that there has been no significant contamination of the Moon with rocket gases during the entire history of its study.

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Acknowledgements

The work is conducted under the GEOKHI RAS state assignment. The authors are grateful to colleagues N. A. Artemyeva, V. A. Dorofeeva and A. I. Buikin for helpful comments on the text of the manuscript, and Mark Robinson for the help with preparation of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin St., Moscow, 119991, Russia

    C. A. Lorenz & A. T. Basilevsky

  2. S.A. Lavochkin Research and Production Association, Khimki, Moscow Region, 141400, Russia

    V. P. Dolgopolov

  3. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia

    T. O. Kozlova

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  1. C. A. Lorenz
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  2. A. T. Basilevsky
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  3. V. P. Dolgopolov
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  4. T. O. Kozlova
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Correspondence to C. A. Lorenz .

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  1. Vernadsky Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Vladimir P. Kolotov

  2. Vernadsky Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Natalia S. Bezaeva

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Lorenz, C.A., Basilevsky, A.T., Dolgopolov, V.P., Kozlova, T.O. (2023). Estimation of the Influence of Contamination by Rocket Fuel Combustion Products on the Chemical and Isotopic Composition of the Lunar Regolith in the Polar Regions. In: Kolotov, V.P., Bezaeva, N.S. (eds) Advances in Geochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09883-3_23

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