Abstract
The millions of fatal accidents and work-related diseases occurred due to workplace accidents and injuries globally, emphasizing the importance of safety research in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), known as the accident-prone industry. Although safety research has contributed to identifying antecedents of safety performance, a limited study was conducted on why and how safety motivation to turn employee to react safely at the workplace and how safety climate factors interact to promote respectable safety performance. Using a systematic literature review based on the following themes; safety motivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, safety climate, safety performance, and safety behaviors. This present study investigates the usefulness of safety motivation on safety performance and identifies the most common antecedents, consequences of safety motivation, dimensions, and links to safety performance. The study’s hypothesis development was based on a proposed framework on safety motivation role in the indirect relationship between safety climate and safety performance. Finally, this study adds to the understanding of the mechanisms behind the extensive effects of safety climate on safety motivation and safety performance and help to reduces injuries and accidents and enhances occupational safety performance in small and medium enterprises.
Graphical Abstract
![](http://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-031-08087-6_38/MediaObjects/534129_1_En_38_Figa_HTML.png)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdullah, S.I.N.W., Samdin, Z., Ho, J.A., Ng, S.I.: Sustainability of marine parks: is knowledge–attitude–behaviour still relevant? Environ. Dev. Sustain. 22(8), 7357–7384 (2020)
Al Kurdi, O.F.: A critical comparative review of emergency and disaster management in the Arab world. JBSED 1(1), 24–46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-02-2021-0021
Alareeni, B.: Does corporate governance influence earnings management in listed companies in Bahrain Bourse? JABS 12(4), 551–570 (2018)
Aminova, M., Marchi, E.: The role of innovation on start-up failure vs. its success. IJBEG 4(1), 41–72 (2021). https://doi.org/10.51325/ijbeg.v4i1.60
Ansori, N., Sutalaksana, I.Z., Widyanti, A.: Comparison between key success factors in safety behavior in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large industries, and development of a hypothetic model for safety behavior in Indonesian SMEs. KnE Life Sci. 4(5), 582 (2018)
Barbaranelli, C., Petitta, L., Probst, T.M.: Does safety climate predict safety performance in Italy and the USA? Cross-cultural validation of a theoretical model of safety climate. Accid. Anal. Prev. 77, 35–44 (2015)
Braunger, P., Frank, H., Korunka, C., Lueger, M., Kubicek, B.: Validating a safety climate model in metal processing industries: a replication study. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 19(1), 143–155 (2013)
Braunger, P., Korunka, C., Kubicek, B., Frank, H., Lueger, M.: The perspective of safety engineers on safety climate. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Manufact. Ser. Ind. 25, 198–210 (2015)
Bunner, J., Prem, R., Korunka, C.: How work intensification relates to organization-level safety performance: the mediating roles of safety climate, safety motivation, and safety knowledge. Front. Psychol. 9(Dec), 1–13 (2018)
Curcuruto, M., Parker, S.K., Griffin, M.: Proactivity toward workplace safety improvement: an investigation of its motivational drivers and organizational outcomes disturbing. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol. 28, 221–238 (2019)
Donovan, S.L., Salmon, P.M., Horberry, T., Lenné, M.G.: Ending on a positive: examining the role of safety leadership decisions, behaviours and actions in a safety critical situation. Appl. Ergon. 66, 139–150 (2018)
El Khoury, R., Nasrallah, N., Alareeni, B.: ESG and financial performance of banks in the MENAT region: concavity–convexity patterns. J. Sustain. Finance Invest. 1–25 (2021)
Elali, W.: The importance of strategic agility to business survival during corona crisis and beyond. IJBEG 4(2), 1–8 (2021). https://doi.org/10.51325/ijbeg.v4i2.64
Fey, C.F.: Opening the black box of motivation: a cross-cultural comparison of Sweden and Russia. Int. Bus. Rev. 14(3), 345–367 (2005)
Fleming, M., Natasha, S.: Assessing Employee Safety Motivation. Richmond, BC, Canada, RS2010-DG08 (2012)
Ghasemi, F., Mohammadfam, I., Soltanian, A.R., Mahmoudi, S., Zarei, E.: Surprising incentive: an instrument for promoting safety performance of construction employees. Saf. Health Work 6(3), 227–232 (2015)
Griffin, M.A., Curcuruto, M.: Safety climate in organizations. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 3(1), 3:11.1–11.22 (2016)
Griffin, M., Neal, A.: Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 5(3), 347–358 (2000)
Guo, B.H.W., Yiu, T.W., González, V.A.: Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry: development and test of an integrative model. Saf. Sci. 84, 1–11 (2016)
Guo, B.H.W., Yiu, T.W., González, V.A.: Does company size matter? Validation of an integrative model of safety behavior across small and large construction companies. J. Safety Res. 64, 73–81 (2018)
Hanscom, M.E.: Using Expectancy Theory to examine occupational future time perspective with safety motivation and safety performance. Colorado State University (2020)
Jiang, L., Probst, T.M.: Transformational and passive leadership as cross-level moderators of the relationships between safety knowledge, safety motivation, and safety participation. J. Safety Res. 57, 27–32 (2016)
Jiang, L., Tetrick, L.E.: Map** the nomological network of employee self-determined safety motivation: a preliminary measure in China. Accid. Anal. Prev. 94, 1–7 (2016)
Kath, L.M., Magley, V.J., Marmet, M.: The role of organizational trust in safety climate’s influence on organizational outcomes. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42(5), 1488–1497 (2010)
Kvorning, L.V., Hasle, P., Christensen, U.: Motivational factors influencing small construction and auto repair enterprises to participate in occupational health and safety programmes. Saf. Sci. 71(PC), 253–263 (2015)
Laurent, J., Chmiel, N., Hansez, I.: Personality and safety citizenship: the role of safety motivation and safety knowledge. Heliyon 6(1), e03201 (2020)
Lu, C.S., Yang, C.S.: Safety climate and safety behavior in the passenger ferry context. Accid. Anal. Prev. 43(1), 329–341 (2011)
Lu, Y., Taksa, L., Jia, H.: Influence of management practices on safety performance: the case of mining sector in China. Saf. Sci. 132(August), 104947 (2020)
Mariani, M.G., Curcuruto, M., Matic, M., Sciacovelli, P., Toderi, S.: Can leader-member exchange contribute to safety performance in an Italian warehouse? Front. Psychol. 8(May), 1–9 (2017)
Masi, D., Cagno, E.: Barriers to OHS interventions in small and medium-sized enterprises. Saf. Sci. 71, 226–241 (2015)
International Labor Organization, Improving Safety and Health in An overview of initiatives and Enterprises: Micro-, Small and Medium-Sized delivery mechanisms, vol. 7, no. 2. International Labor Orgnization, Geneva (2020)
Neal, A., Griffin, M.A.: A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. J. Appl. Psychol. 91(4), 946–953 (2006)
Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., Hart, P.M.: The impact of organization climate on safety climate and individual behaviour. Saf. Sci. 34, 99–109 (2000)
Novie, S., Wiwik, B., Ahmad, F.: Evaluating safety climate impact on safety behaviour of the worker in small and medium entreprises (SMEs) wood furniture in Bandengan Village, Jepara. In: E3S Web Conference, vol. 73 (2018)
Panuwatwanich, K., Al-Haadir, S., Stewart, R.A.: Influence of safety motivation and climate on safety behaviour and outcomes: evidence from the Saudi Arabian construction industry. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 23(1), 60–75 (2017)
Probst, T.M., Brubaker, T.L.: The effects of job insecurity on employee safety outcomes: cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 6(2), 139–159 (2001)
Rahlin, N.A., Awang, Z., Rahim, M.Z.A., Bahkia, A.S.: The impact of employee safety climate on safety behavior in small & medium enterprises: an empirical study. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Rev. 8(3), 163–177 (2020)
Sawhney, G., Cigularov, K.P.: Examining attitudes, norms, and control toward safety behaviors as mediators in the leadership-safety motivation relationship. J. Bus. Psychol. 34(2), 237–256 (2019)
Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B., Salanova, M.: The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: a cross-national study. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 66(4), 701–716 (2006)
Singh, V., Verma, A.: A review, simple meta-analysis and future directions of safety climate research in manufacturing organizations. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 1–41 (2018)
Smith, T.D., DeJoy, D.M., Dyal, M.A.: Safety specific transformational leadership, safety motivation and personal protective equipment use among firefighters. Saf. Sci. 131(July), 104930 (2020)
Thanajirachot, P., Chinuntdej, N., Nami, M.: The effects of driving factors on safety culture, knowledge, motivation and performance of employees in the oil refining industry in Thailand. Asian Adm. Manag. Rev. 2(2), 247–256 (2019)
Toderi, S., Gaggia, A., Mariani, M.G., Mancini, G., Broccoli, M.: Griffin and Neal’s safety model: determinants and components of individual safety performance in the Italian context. Med. Lav. 106, 447–459 (2015)
Tremblay, A., Badri, A.: Assessment of occupational health and safety performance evaluation tools: state of the art and challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises. Saf. Sci. 101(May), 260–267 (2018)
Unnikrishnan, S., Iqbal, R., Singh, A., Nimkar, I.M.: Safety management practices in small and medium enterprises in India. Saf. Health Work 6(1), 46–55 (2015)
Vinodkumar, M., Bhasi, M.: Safety management practices and safety behaviour: assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42(6), 2082–2093 (2010)
Wang, Q., Mei, Q., Liu, S., Zhang, J.: Analysis of managing safety in small enterprises: Dual-effects of employee prosocial safety behavior and government inspection. Biomed Res. Int. 1–12 (2018)
Wen Lim, H., Li, N., Fang, D., Wu, C.: Impact of safety climate on types of safety motivation and performance: multigroup invariance analysis. J. Manag. Eng. 34(3), 04018002 (2018)
**a, N., **e, Q., Hu, X., Wang, X., Meng, H.: A dual perspective on risk perception and its effect on safety behavior: a moderated mediation model of safety motivation, and supervisor’s and coworkers’ safety climate. Accid. Anal. Prev. 134(October), 105350 (2020)
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Wang, G., Yuan, X., Ding, W., Shen, Z.: Attentional bias toward safety predicts safety behaviors. Accid. Anal. Prev. 71C, 144–153 (2014)
Zohar, D., Huang, Y.H., Lee, J., Robertson, M.M.: Testing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation as explanatory variables for the safety climate-safety performance relationship among long-haul truck drivers. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 30, 84–96 (2015)
Acknowledgements
This study is the outcome of the collaborative efforts of a numbers of individuals and organizations, to whom we express our heartfelt gratitude. The authors would also like to thank the academics staff from the Faculty of Business, Economics, and Accounting, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, for their constructive comments, which helped improve the overall quality of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rahlin, N.A., Siti Aisyah Bahkiar, A.S., Idris, S., Lily, J., Razak, R.A., Md. Mansur, K. (2022). Improving Safety Performance in SMEs Through Safety Climate, and Safety Motivation: A Conceptual Framework. In: Alareeni, B., Hamdan, A. (eds) Financial Technology (FinTech), Entrepreneurship, and Business Development. ICBT 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 486. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08087-6_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08087-6_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-08086-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08087-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)