Abstract
Bromine is a highly oxidizing agent used in many industries. Therefore, it needs to be stockpiled and transported in significant quantities, making the risk for accidental and deliberate exposure a scenario that must be considered. In bromine exposure, while there are involvement and injury to external tissues such as the eyes and skin, its main point of entry to the body is through the respiratory system. Bromine exposure can cause different injury levels, from mild irritations to death, depending on the concentration of bromine and the duration of the exposure. Bromine affects the respiratory and circulatory systems causing acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiocirculatory collapse while mediating cellular death. This injury can be assessed through molecular markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular death, and function measurements such as spirometry and echocardiography. Simultaneously, imaging analysis can reveal the extent of inflammation in the pulmonary tissue. A better understanding of the injury mechanism leads to better use of clinically available tools.
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Abbreviations
- Br2:
-
Bromine
- Br-FA:
-
Brominated fatty acids
- Br-FAD:
-
Brominated fatty aldehydes
- cTnI:
-
Cardiac troponin I
- eNOS:
-
Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase
- GFAP:
-
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- hFABP:
-
Heart fatty acid-binding protein
- IDLH:
-
Immediately dangerous to life and health
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin-6
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenase
- NT-proBNP:
-
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
- ppm:
-
Parts per million
- SERCA:
-
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase
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Bordcoch, G., Masjoan Juncos, J.X. (2023). Biomarkers of Cardiopulmonary Injury and Impact of Bromine Toxicity. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R., Rajendram, R. (eds) Biomarkers in Toxicology. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07392-2_46
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