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Coral Conservation from the Genomic Perspective on Symbiodiniaceae Diversity and Function in the Holobiont

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Coral Reef Conservation and Restoration in the Omics Age

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 15))

Abstract

Coral reefs are critically supported by symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae. The tightly linked coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis is central to coral health because the algae provide the coral with most of their nutrition via the translocation of photosynthates; breakdown of this symbiosis leads to bleaching and eventual death of the coral. Symbiodiniaceae have differing lifestyles, ranging from symbionts with varied specificity and permanence in the host to those not yet found to associate with a host (i.e., putatively free-living). The phylogenetic diversity of these algae was recognized by their recent systematic re-classification as a family, and was further supported by comparative genomic analyses that reveal extensive genomic divergence and even greater sequence diversity than previously appreciated. Here, we review recent advances in Symbiodiniaceae genomics, the knowledge gained regarding lineage-specific innovations and ecological niches, and present a Symbiodiniaceae-centric view of coral holobionts. We discuss how our knowledge about Symbiodiniaceae evolution and diversification is essential for understanding the health and resilience of symbiotic interactions in coral holobionts. Given the high divergence and ecological flexibility of Symbiodiniaceae, a one-size-fits-all approach for designing environmentally robust corals may not be effective. When designing strategies for coral conservation, a context-specific holistic approach will require that algal biology and ecology are fully integrated into strategies to improve coral health.

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Acknowledgments

S.S. is supported by a University of Queensland Research Training Program scholarship. This work is supported by the Australian Research Council via a Discovery Projects grant DP19012474 awarded to C.X.C. and D.B.

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  1. The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, Brisbane, Australia

    Sarah Shah, Katherine E. Dougan & Cheong **n Chan

  2. Rutgers University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Debashish Bhattacharya

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  1. Sarah Shah
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  2. Katherine E. Dougan
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  3. Debashish Bhattacharya
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  4. Cheong **n Chan
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Correspondence to Cheong **n Chan .

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  1. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Madeleine J. H. van Oppen

  2. Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Manuel Aranda Lastra

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Shah, S., Dougan, K.E., Bhattacharya, D., Chan, C.X. (2022). Coral Conservation from the Genomic Perspective on Symbiodiniaceae Diversity and Function in the Holobiont. In: van Oppen, M.J.H., Aranda Lastra, M. (eds) Coral Reef Conservation and Restoration in the Omics Age. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07055-6_6

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