Abstract
Due to their extremely small size, hydrogen atoms acquire particular diffusivity features in the crystal lattice. For example, their diffusivity is characterized by the occurrence of quantum mechanical effects, namely discrete vibration excitations and hydrogen atom tunnelling. As for mechanical properties, the most important one is that hydrogen is transported throughout the crystal lattice in the presence of crystal lattice imperfections, which results in metal degradation under mechanical loading. Hydrogen-caused embrittlement is particularly dangerous for alloys with a bcc crystal lattice, where hydrogen atoms are particularly mobile. For example, the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in bcc iron is the highest in comparison with that in many metals.
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Gavriljuk, V.G., Shyvaniuk, V.M., Teus, S.M. (2022). Diffusion. In: Hydrogen in Engineering Metallic Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98550-9_3
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