Abstract
Fipronil is an insecticide that is widely used in several crops such as soybeans, corn, and sugar cane. Although it is used in a few countries, it has been banned due to its toxicity in some European countries such as France, Italy, Germany, and others. There are some papers describing fipronil degrading microorganisms and their applications in bioremediation. The bacterial enzymes and, consequently, the genes responsible for the oxidation or reduction of this compound have not been described yet, as it is the case for other pesticides. Thus, this chapter will present all the available information on fipronil biodegraders, bioremediation cases, and the metabolic pathways involved on its biodegrading. In addition to exploring the molecular, omics, and analytical methods necessary to elucidate, in the near future, the metabolic pathways and enzymes are responsible for the degradation of fipronil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abraham J, Gajendiran A (2019) Biodegradation of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone by Streptomyces rochei strain AJAG7 and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soil. Pestic Biochem Physiol 155:90–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.011
Abraham J, Silambarasan S (2014) Biomineralization and formulation of endosulfan degrading bacterial and fungal consortiums. Pestic Biochem Physiol 116:24–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.006
Ali SA, Mohamed AAR, Ali H et al (2016) Sublethal effect of fipronil exposure on liver and kidney tissues with evaluation of the recovery ability of Japanese quail (Coturnix Japonica). Jpn J Vet Res 64:S131–S138
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W et al (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
Amann RI, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH (1995) Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol Rev 59:143–169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.59.1.143-169.1995
At K, Karthikeyan S, Salom Gnana Thanga V (2019) Occurrence and microbial degradation of fipronil residues in tropical highland rhizosphere soils of Kerala, India. Soil Sediment Contam 28:360–379. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2019.1578336
Atashgahi S, Hornung B, Van Der Waals MJ, et al (2018) A benzene-degrading nitrate-reducing microbial consortium displays aerobic and anaerobic benzene degradation pathways. Sci Rep 8:1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22617-x
Baldaniya DM, Singh S, Saini LK et al (2020) Persistence and dissipation behaviour of fipronil and its metabolites in sugarcane grown soil of South Gujarat. Int J Chem Stud 8:1524–1527. doi: https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1v.8473
Berkelmann D, Schneider D, Meryandini A et al (2020) Unravelling the effects of tropical land use conversion on the soil microbiome. Environ Microbiomes 15:1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-020-0353-3
Bhadbhade BJ, Sarnaik SS, Kanekar PP (2002) Biomineralization of an organophosphorus pesticide, monocrotophos, by soil bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 93:224–234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01680.x
Bhatt P, Gangola S, Chaudhary P et al (2019) Pesticide induced up-regulation of esterase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in indigenous Bacillus spp. Bioremediat J 23:42–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10889868.2019.1569586
Bhatt P, Rene ER, Kumar AJ et al (2021a) Fipronil degradation kinetics and resource recovery potential of Bacillus sp. strain FA4 isolated from a contaminated agricultural field of Uttarakhand, India. Chemosphere 276:130156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130156
Bhatt P, Sharma A, Rene ER et al (2021b) Bioremediation of fipronil using Bacillus sp. FA3 : Mechanism, kinetics and resource recovery potential from contaminated environments. J Water Process Eng 39:101712. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101712
Bhatti S, Satyanarayana GN V, Patel DK et al (2019) Bioaccumulation, biotransformation and toxic effect of fipronil in Escherichia coli. Chemosphere 231:207–215. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.124
Bonmatin JM, Giorio C, Girolami V et al (2015) Environmental fate and exposure; neonicotinoids and fipronil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:35–67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3332-7
Boundy-Mills KL, De Souza ML, Mandelbaum RT et al (1997) The atzB gene of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP encodes the second enzyme of a novel atrazine degradation pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:916–923. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.3.916-923.1997
Cappelini LTD, Alberice JA, Eugênio PFM et al (2018) Burkholderia thailandensis: the Main Bacteria Biodegrading Fipronil in Fertilized Soil with Assessment by a QuEChERS/GC-MS Method. J Braz Chem Soc 29:1934–1943. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180069.
Casley WL, Ogrodowczyk C, Larocque L et al (2007) Cytotoxic doses of ketoconazole affect expression of a subset of hepatic genes. J Toxicol Environ Heal - Part A Curr Issues 70:1946–1955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390701551407
Chandler GT, Cary TL, Volz DC et al (2004) Fipronil effects on estuarine copepod (Amphiascus tenuiremis) development, fertility, and reproduction: A rapid life-cycle assay in 96-well microplate format. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:117–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1897/03-124
Chen S, Luo J, Hu M et al (2012) Microbial Detoxification of Bifenthrin by a Novel Yeast and Its Potential for Contaminated Soils Treatment. PLoS One 7:e30862. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030862
Jaqueline da Silva Coelho-Moreira, Adelar Bracht, Aline Cristine da Silva de Souza, et al (2013) Degradation of Diuron by Phanerochaete chrysosporium : Role of Ligninolytic Enzymes and Cytochrome P450. Biomed Res Int 2013:1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/251354
Cole LM, Nicholson RA, Casida JE (1993) Action of Phenylpyrazole Insecticides at the GABA-Gated Chloride Channel. Pestic Biochem Physiol 46:47–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/pest.1993.1035
Derveaux S, Vandesompele J, Hellemans J (2010) How to do successful gene expression analysis using real-time PCR. Methods 50:227–230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.11.001
Ehsan HA, Mervat HG, Eman WE et al (2016) Influence of fipronil intoxication on thyroid gland ultra-structure and hepatic microsomal enzymes expression in male albino rats. Jpn J Vet Res 64:S79–S85
El-Murr A elhakeem I, Abd El Hakim Y, Neamat-Allah ANF et al (2019) Immune-protective, antioxidant and relative genes expression impacts of β-glucan against fipronil toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 94:427–433. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.033
Falk N, Reid T, Skoyles A et al (2019) Microbial metatranscriptomic investigations across contaminant gradients of the Detroit River. Sci Total Environ 690:121–131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.451
François B, Armand M, Marie-José D (2016) From laboratory to environmental conditions: a new approach for chemical’s biodegradability assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:18684–18693. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7062-x
Furihata S, Kasai A, Hidaka K et al (2019) Ecological risks of insecticide contamination in water and sediment around off-farm irrigated rice paddy fields. Environ Pollut 251:628–638. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.009
Gajendiran A, Abraham J (2017) Biomineralisation of fipronil and its major metabolite, fipronil sulfone, by Aspergillus glaucus strain AJAG1 with enzymes studies and bioformulation. 3 Biotech 7:1–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0820-8
Gangola S, Joshi S, Kumar S et al (2021) Differential proteomic analysis under pesticides stress and normal conditions in Bacillus cereus 2D. PLoS One 16:e0253106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253106
Gibbons D, Morrissey C, Mineau P (2015) A review of the direct and indirect effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on vertebrate wildlife. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:103–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3180-5
Gill KK, Dumka VK (2013) Biochemical alterations induced by oral subchronic exposure to fipronil, fluoride and their combination in buffalo calves. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 36:1113–1119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.011
Girvan HM, Munro AW (2016) Applications of microbial cytochrome P450 enzymes in biotechnology and synthetic biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 31:136–145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.018
Gunasekara AS, Truong T, Goh KS et al (2007) Environmental fate and toxicology of fipronil. J Pestic Sci 32:189–199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.R07-02
Gupta RC, Anadón A (2018) Fipronil. In: Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles: Third Edition. pp 533–538
Hainzl D, Casida JE (1996) Fipronil insecticide : Novel photochemical desulfinylation with retention of neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:12764–12767. doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.23.12764
Han L, Chen S, Zhou J (2020) Expression and cloning of catA encoding a catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the 2,4-D-degrading strain Cupriavidus campinensis BJ71. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 50:486–493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2019.1709978
Herath A, Wawrik B, Qin Y et al (2016) Transcriptional response of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 to growth on alkanes: insights from RT-qPCR and microarray analyses. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 92:fiw062. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw062
Hidaka H, Tsukamoto T, Mitsutsuka Y et al (2015) Enhanced Ga2O3-photocatalyzed and photochemical degradation of the Fipronil insecticide by UVC irradiation in mixed aqueous/organic media under an inert atmosphere. Photochem Photobiol Sci 14:919–928. doi: 10.1039/c5pp00011d
Jeffries TC, Rayu S, Nielsen UN et al (2018) Metagenomic functional potential predicts degradation rates of a model organophosphorus xenobiotic in pesticide contaminated soils. Front Microbiol 9:1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00147
Kanehisa M, Goto S (2000) KEGG; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. 28:27–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.1.29
Khurana JL, Jackson CJ, Scott C et al (2009) Characterization of the phenylurea hydrolases A and B: Founding members of a novel amidohydrolase subgroup. Biochem J 418:431–441. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20081488
Kim TY, Lim JW, Lim MC et al (2020) Aptamer-based Fluorescent Assay for Simple and Sensitive Detection of Fipronil in Liquid Eggs. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 25:246–254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-019-0358-1
Konwick BJ, Garrison AW, Black MC et al (2006) Bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and metabolite formation of fipronil and chiral legacy pesticides in rainbow trout. Environ Sci Technol 40:2930–2936. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/es0600678
Kumar A, Joshi V, Dhewa T, Bisht B (2011) Review on bioremediation of polluted environment: A management tool. Int J Environ Sci 1:1079
Kumar R, Singh B, Gupta VK (2012) Biodegradation of fipronil by paracoccus sp. in different types of soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88:781–787. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0578-y
Kumar S, Krishnani KK, Bhushan B, Brahmane MP (2015) Metagenomics: Retrospect and Prospects in High Throughput Age. Biotechnol Res Int 2015:1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/121735
Laczi K, Erdeiné Kis Á, Szilágyi Á et al (2020) New Frontiers of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in the Multi-Omics Era. Front Microbiol 11:1–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590049
Li X, Li H, Ma W, et al (2019) Development of precise GC-EI-MS method to determine the residual fipronil and its metabolites in chicken egg. Food Chem 281:85–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.041
Li X, Ma W, Li H et al (2020) Determination of residual fipronil and its metabolites in food samples: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 97:185–195. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.018
Lin Z, Pang S, Zhang W et al (2020) Degradation of acephate and its intermediate methamidophos: Mechanisms and biochemical pathways. Front Microbiol 11:1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.02045
Löffler FE, Edwards EA (2006) Harnessing microbial activities for environmental cleanup. Curr Opin Biotechnol 17:274–284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.001
Lourdes Moreno M, Sánchez-Porro C, Piubeli F et al (2011) Cloning, characterization and analysis of cat and ben genes from the phenol degrading halophilic bacterium Halomonas organivorans. PLoS One 6:. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021049
Lovley DR (2003) Cleaning up with genomics: Applying molecular biology to bioremediation. Nat Rev Microbiol 1:35–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro731
Lu Q, Chen K, Long Y et al (2019) Benzo(a)pyrene degradation by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase and the functional metabolism network of Bacillus thuringiensis. J Hazard Mater 366:329–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.004
Luo F, Gitiafroz R, Devine CE et al (2014) Metatranscriptome of an anaerobic benzene-degrading, nitrate-reducing enrichment culture reveals involvement of carboxylation in benzene ring activation. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:4095–4107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00717-14
Luo L, Meng H, Gu JD (2017) Microbial extracellular enzymes in biogeochemical cycling of ecosystems. J Environ Manage 197:539–549. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.023
Mandal K, Singh B, Jariyal M, Gupta VK (2013) Microbial degradation of fipronil by Bacillus thuringiensis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 93:87–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.001
Mandal K, Singh B, Jariyal M, Gupta VK (2014) Bioremediation of fipronil by a Bacillus firmus isolate from soil. Chemosphere 101:55–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.043
Masutti CSM, Mermut AR (2007) Degradation of fipronil under laboratory conditions in a tropical soil from sirinhaém pernambuco, Brazil. J Environ Sci Heal - Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes 42:33–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230601017981
Mcdougall P (2017) The global agrochemical market trends by crop. In: Proceedings of the 11th China International Forum on Development of Pesticide Industry. Shanghai, China, p 31
Meyer-Cifuentes I, Gruhl S, Haange SB et al (2020) Benzylsuccinate synthase is post-transcriptionally regulated in the toluene-degrading denitrifier magnetospirillum sp. Strain 15-1. Microorganisms 8:. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050681
Monteiro HR, Pestana JLT, Novais SC, et al (2019) Assessment of fipronil toxicity to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius: Molecular, biochemical, and organismal responses. Aquat Toxicol 216:105292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105292
Mossa ATH, Swelam ES, Mohafrash SMM (2015) Sub-chronic exposure to fipronil induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histotopathological changes in the liver and kidney of male albino rats. Toxicol Reports 2:775–784. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.009
Nykiel-Szymańska J, Stolarek P, Bernat P (2018) Elimination and detoxification of 2,4-D by Umbelopsis isabellina with the involvement of cytochrome P450. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:2738–2743. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0571-4
Oberhardt MA, Zarecki R, Gronow S et al (2015) Harnessing the landscape of microbial culture media to predict new organism–media pairings. Nat Commun 6:8493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9493
Ohi M, Dalsenter PR, Andrade AJM, Nascimento AJ (2004) Reproductive adverse effects of fipronil in Wistar rats. Toxicol Lett 146:121–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.08.008
Ortiz-Hernández ML, Sanchez-Salinas E, Dantn Gonzlez E et al (2013) Pesticide Biodegradation: Mechanisms, Genetics and Strategies to Enhance the Process. In: Biodegradation - Life of Science. InTech, p 64
Pang S, Lin Z, Zhang Y et al (2020) Insights into the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid via physicochemical and microbial approaches. Toxics 8:65. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030065
Park H, Lee JY, Park S et al (2020) Developmental toxicity of fipronil in early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Disrupted vascular formation with angiogenic failure and inhibited neurogenesis. Elsevier B.V.
Pereira A, Freitas D (2012) Uso de micro-organismos para a biorremediação de ambientes impactados. Rev Eletrônica em Gestão, Educ e Tecnol Ambient 6:. doi: https://doi.org/10.5902/223611704818
Pino-Otín MR, Ballestero D, Navarro E et al (2020) Effects of the insecticide fipronil in freshwater model organisms and microbial and periphyton communities. Sci Total Environ 1–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142820
do Prado CCA, Pereira RM, Durrant LR et al (2021) Fipronil biodegradation and metabolization by Bacillus megaterium strain E1. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6758
Pundir S, Onwubiko J, Zaru R et al (2017) An update on the Enzyme Portal: an integrative approach for exploring enzyme knowledge. Protein Eng Des Sel 30:247–254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzx008
Reid T, Chaganti SR, Droppo IG et al (2018) Novel insights into freshwater hydrocarbon-rich sediments using metatranscriptomics: Opening the black box. Water Res 136:1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.039
Rossmassler K, Snow CD, Taggart D et al (2019) Advancing biomarkers for anaerobic o-xylene biodegradation via metagenomic analysis of a methanogenic consortium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103:4177–4192. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09762-7
Sanyal D, Kulshrestha G (2004) Degradation of metolachlor in crude extract of Aspergillus flavus. J Environ Sci Heal - Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes 39:653–664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/PFC-200026901
Shakya M, Lo CC, Chain PSG (2019) Advances and challenges in metatranscriptomic analysis. Front Genet 10:1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00904
Široká Z, Drastichová J (2004) Biochemical markers of aquatic environment contamination - Cytochrome P450 in fish. A review. Acta Vet Brno 73:123–132. doi: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200473010123
Souza ML, Sadowsky MJ, Wackett LP (1996) Atrazine chlorohydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADP: Gene sequence, enzyme purification, and protein characterization. J Bacteriol 178:4894–4900. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.178.16.4894-4900.1996
Souza ML, Wackett LP, Boundy-Mills KL et al (1995) Cloning, characterization, and expression of a gene region from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP involved in the dechlorination of atrazine. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:3373–3378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.9.3373-3378.1995
Timmers PHA, Welte CU, Koehorst JJ et al (2017) Reverse methanogenesis and respiration in methanotrophic archaea. Archaea 2017:. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1654237
Uniyal S, Paliwal R, Sharma RK, Rai JPN (2016a) Degradation of fipronil by Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila isolated from rhizospheric soil of Zea mays. 3 Biotech 6:1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-015-0354-x
Uniyal S, Paliwal R, Verma M et al (2016b) Isolation and characterization of fipronil degrading acinetobacter calcoaceticus and acinetobacter oleivorans from rhizospheric zone of zea mays. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 96:833–838. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1795-6
Van der Oost R, Beyer J, Vermeulen NPE (2003) Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 13:57–149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00126-6
Van der Waals MJ, Atashgahi S, da Rocha UN et al (2017) Benzene degradation in a denitrifying biofilm reactor: activity and microbial community composition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101:5175–5188. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8214-8
Van der Zaan BM, Saia FT, Stams AJM, et al (2012) Anaerobic benzene degradation under denitrifying conditions: Peptococcaceae as dominant benzene degraders and evidence for a syntrophic process. Environ Microbiol 14:1171–1181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02697.x
Verma JP, Jaiswal DK, Sagar R (2014) Pesticide relevance and their microbial degradation: a-state-of-art. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 13:429–466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-014-9341-7
Wang X, Martínez MA, Wu Q et al (2016) Fipronil insecticide toxicology: oxidative stress and metabolism. Crit Rev Toxicol 46:876–899. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2016.1223014
Wolfand JM, Lefevre GH, Luthy RG (2016) Metabolization and degradation kinetics of the urban-use pesticide fipronil by white rot fungus: Trametes versicolor. Environ Sci Process Impacts 18:1256–1265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c6em00344c
Zaluski R, Kadri SM, Alonso DP et al (2015) Fipronil promotes motor and behavioral changes in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and affects the development of colonies exposed to sublethal doses. Environ Toxicol Chem 34:1062–1069. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2889
Zhang Q, Li S, Ma C et al (2018) Simultaneous biodegradation of bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas sp. CB2. J Environ Sci Heal - Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes 53:304–312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2018.1431458
Zhou G, Wang Y, Ma Y et al (2014) The metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by soil enrichment cultures, and the bacterial diversity and plant growth-promoting properties of the cultured isolates. J Environ Sci Heal Part B 49:381–390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2014.894761
Zhu G, Wu H, Guo J, Kimaro FME (2004) Microbial degradation of fipronil in clay loam soil. Water Air Soil Pollut 153:35–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000019928.67686.b1
Zulfiqar A, Yasmin A (2020) Microbiological aspects of pesticide remediation. in: bioremediation and biotechnology, Vol 3. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 139–171
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Univerdade da Grande Dourados, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Seville for providing administrative and technical support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bonfá, M.R.L., do Prado, C.C.A., Piubeli, F.A., Durrant, L.R. (2022). Fipronil Microbial Degradation: An Overview From Bioremediation to Metabolic Pathways. In: Siddiqui, S., Meghvansi, M.K., Chaudhary, K.K. (eds) Pesticides Bioremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97000-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97000-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-96999-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97000-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)