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Optical Techniques for Monitoring Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater

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Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Water and Wastewater

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of pollutants which possess characteristics like long-range transport leading to global pollution, non-biodegradability, and most importantly lipophilicity. They get deposited in the fatty tissues in the living organisms and are thus reported to have high levels in the food chain. Stockholm Convention initially listed 12 pollutants as POPs categorized under pesticides (chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mirex and toxaphene), industrial chemicals (hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)), and by-products (HCB, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and PCBs) on the basis of their origin. Further, 18 more new POPs have been added to the Stockholm Convention list including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, etc. In order to handle these harmful pollutants, their detection is a vital step, for which various analytical techniques have been developed. The current chapter mainly deploys the information about the various optical techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), fluorescence, absorbance, etc., which have found their applications in POP detection in water and wastewater. This chapter will also discuss about the implementation of these techniques for quantification of POPs in wastewater streams and e-waste recycling sites.

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Acknowledgments

PR acknowledges DST (Department of Science and Technology), New Delhi, for the financial support through WOS-A fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

    Prachi Rajput & Pooja Devi

  2. CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India

    Prachi Rajput & Pooja Devi

  3. Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Paromita Chakraborty

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  1. Prachi Rajput
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  2. Paromita Chakraborty
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  3. Pooja Devi
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Correspondence to Pooja Devi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Paromita Chakraborty

  2. Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Daniel Snow

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Rajput, P., Chakraborty, P., Devi, P. (2022). Optical Techniques for Monitoring Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater. In: Chakraborty, P., Snow, D. (eds) Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Water and Wastewater. Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95443-7_9

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