Social, Health, and Environmental Impacts of the Mandatory Lockdown in Underprivileged Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires

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Covid-19 and the Sociology of Risk and Uncertainty

Part of the book series: Critical Studies in Risk and Uncertainty ((CRSTRU))

Abstract

Latin America is the second most urbanised region in the world. However, the growth of cities in the region has  been characterised by an uneven pattern, expressed in the growth of settlements with high levels of overcrowding, located mostly in areas exposed to environmental and health risk.

In Argentina, the largest concentration of settlements is found in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, a territory that faces historical problems related to access to habitat and environmental degradation of rivers and streams. The most vulnerable social sectors in the region are the lowest-income households, since they have few resources to cope amid environmental, health, and housing risks. In these households, one of the most overburdened social groups is represented by women, as they assume responsibility for carrying out extra care tasks that contribute to everyday survival.

In these contexts, the mandatory lockdown measures established by the government in view of the advance of COVID-19 have had important impacts that need to be understood and addressed in order to avoid the deepening of social inequalities. Through this chapter we aim to investigate some of the difficulties that these measures entail, drawing upon data collected through surveys carried out in south and north-west settlements of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires for an emergency study for the Argentine Ministry of Science and Technology.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The ASPO measures are primarily focused on prevention and hygiene, as well as social distancing. They were originally introduced by means of Emergency Decree No. 297/2020, Precautionary and Mandatory Social Lockdown, Official Gazette of the Argentine Republic, 19 March 2020.

  2. 2.

    This region encompasses the area that the Argentine Statistics and Census Bureau defined in 2003 as Greater Buenos Aires (GBA)—formed by the City of Buenos Aires and the districts of Great Buenos Aires (24 municipalities)—as well as 16 districts from the third ring that include the so-called Great La Plata (La Plata, Berisso, and Ensenada municipalities).

  3. 3.

    Following the definition proposed by Cravino et al. (2008), underprivileged settlements can be classified into two categories: villas (slums), which represent irregular occupations of urban land that give rise to highly irregular urban layouts which do not generally respond to previous planning, are highly populated, and located next to urban centres or well-communicated areas; and settlements, which differ from slums in that they do follow more regular and planned urban layouts and are generally located on private land (not state-owned, as most slums are) and in more peripheral areas of the AMBA.

  4. 4.

    Changa” means informal work with no continuity in time. Workers who perform this type of work are not protected by any labour law.

  5. 5.

    In Spanish, “barra brava”: a word commonly used to describe a violent supporter of a soccer team and/or political strike force.

  6. 6.

    Such action was promoted by several organisations: the Chair of Community Engineering—CLIC (Eng. María Eva Koutsivitis), Observatorio del Derecho a la Ciudad—ODC (Jonatan Baldiviezo), the CTA trade union of the City of Buenos Aires (Pablo Spataro), Frente Territorial Salvador Herrera (Franco Armando), the Institute of Thought and Public Policies—IPYPP (Claudio Lozano), and representatives of underprivileged neighbourhoods (Villa 21–24, Villa 19—Barrio Inta, Barrio Scapino, Villa 6—Barrio Cildáñez, Villa 15—Ciudad Oculta, and Villa 20).

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Tobías, M., Bouzo, S.F. (2022). Social, Health, and Environmental Impacts of the Mandatory Lockdown in Underprivileged Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires. In: Brown, P.R., Zinn, J.O. (eds) Covid-19 and the Sociology of Risk and Uncertainty . Critical Studies in Risk and Uncertainty. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95167-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95167-2_4

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95166-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95167-2

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

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