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SoK: A Systematic Literature Review of Bluetooth Security Threats and Mitigation Measures

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Emerging Information Security and Applications (EISA 2021)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1403))

Abstract

Bluetooth devices have integrated into our everyday lives such that we see an increase in wearable technologies. Users of these devices are often unaware of the security vulnerabilities that come with the use of Bluetooth. To this aid, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the security attacks and ways for users to mitigate these attacks focusing on Bluetooth technologies by reviewing prior literature. Here we analyze \(N = 48\) peer-reviewed academic articles published in ACM and IEEE Digital Libraries. We investigate Bluetooth-specific attacks such as BlueSnarfing, Man-in-the-Middle for wearable technologies, MAC Address Spoofing, BLE-specific attacks, and others. Additionally, we analyze the papers detailing the malware targeting Bluetooth devices and compare our results with previous 15 prior systematization of knowledge (SoK) papers on Bluetooth attacks and mitigation measures. Additionally, in our review, we also provide a detailed analysis of the suggested mitigating measures, which include removing, repairing, or deleting access to devices that are no longer in use, utilizing Personal Identification Number (PIN) for user authentication, and other solutions. Thereafter, we conclude by providing actionable recommendations focused on wearable technology users.

Esa Irby and Raghav Thapa contributed equally in the project, thus they are joint second authors of this paper.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://harborlabs.com/cybervigilance/Cybersecurity_Alert_BleedingTooth.pdf.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to acknowledge the Inclusive Security and Privacy-focused Innovative Research in Information Technology: InSPIRIT lab at the University of Denver. We would also like to thank Lucas McLeod for their initial contribution on the editing of the paper. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the University of Denver.

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  1. University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA

    Sunny Shrestha, Esa Irby, Raghav Thapa & Sanchari Das

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  1. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Weizhi Meng

  2. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway

    Sokratis K. Katsikas

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Shrestha, S., Irby, E., Thapa, R., Das, S. (2022). SoK: A Systematic Literature Review of Bluetooth Security Threats and Mitigation Measures. In: Meng, W., Katsikas, S.K. (eds) Emerging Information Security and Applications. EISA 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1403. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93956-4_7

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