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A Brief History of IQ Testing: Fixed vs. Malleable Intelligence

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Intelligence in Context

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Abstract

The measurement of human intelligence is a landmark accomplishment in psychology; yet this advance came with negative outcomes, such as social injustice. In this chapter, we explore the history of IQ test development with particular attention to the degree to which the early pioneers and later leaders viewed the malleability (or fixedness) of intelligence. We cover the views of Binet, Terman, Wechsler, and subsequent test authors on key topics such as definitions of intelligence, theoretical models, and application, interpretation, limitations of, and concerns about their newly created or revised measures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Alan S. Kaufman

  2. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Dowon Choi

  3. Department of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala, Mumbai, India

    Hansika Kapoor

  4. Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Hansika Kapoor

  5. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    James C. Kaufman

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  1. Alan S. Kaufman
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  2. Dowon Choi
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  3. Hansika Kapoor
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  4. James C. Kaufman
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Correspondence to James C. Kaufman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Robert J. Sternberg

  2. Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, RM - Santiago, Chile

    David D. Preiss

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Kaufman, A.S., Choi, D., Kapoor, H., Kaufman, J.C. (2022). A Brief History of IQ Testing: Fixed vs. Malleable Intelligence. In: Sternberg, R.J., Preiss, D.D. (eds) Intelligence in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92798-1_4

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