Abstract
In traditional medicine of different countries, several herbal formulations are prescribed for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and its associated complications including cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. In the prescribed herbal formulations, a variety of antioxidant phytochemicals have been found to reduce fat mass and body weight by suppressing adipogenesis and lipid accumulation; increasing lipolysis, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure via fatty acid oxidation; and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in major metabolic tissues, such as the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver of obese humans and rodents. In addition, these phytochemicals reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic humans and rodents through improvement of glucose uptake from the plasma, glycogen synthesis in the liver and skeletal muscle, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and enhanced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and insulin action in major metabolic tissues. Usually, these herbal medicines are prescribed at high doses for long-term consumption for the amelioration of these metabolic disorders because of low efficacy, poor aqueous solubility, stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of the phytochemicals present in herbal medicines. Long-term use of herbal medicines at high doses results in unpleasant adverse effects and toxicity in patients. All these factors have restricted the clinical applications of these herbal medicines. To overcome the problems of phytochemicals in clinical applications, these phytochemicals and plant extracts have been encapsulated into biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles/nanocarriers to increase their solubility and stability, enhance their bioavailability, protect them from metabolic degradation in the body, prolong their systemic circulation time, and thereby enhance their anti-obesity and antidiabetic efficacy at relatively lower doses compared to free phytochemicals and plant extracts. In this context, the existing research findings on the efficacy of some phytochemicals and plant extracts in nanoencapsulated forms in combating obesity, diabetes, and its comorbidities are summarized in this chapter.
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Dinda, B., Dinda, S. (2022). Advances in Nanoencapsulated Phytomedicines (Phytochemicals and Their Extracts) for the Treatment of Obesity, Diabetes, and Their Associated Complications. In: Dinda, B. (eds) Natural Products in Obesity and Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92196-5_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92196-5_7
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