SpringerLink
Log in

Seaweeds for Animal Feed, Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sustainable Global Resources Of Seaweeds Volume 1

Abstract

Nowadays, livestock farmers are looking for solutions that will improve animal growth and performance, as well as the quality of animal-derived products. One of them is the use of feed additives that typically include antibiotics, antioxidants, acidifiers, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, binders, enzymes. The application of seaweeds as novel and safe feed additives may be an innovative and eco-friendly approach to provide animals with high nutritive value, promote their health and productivity, and obtain high-quality animal products. Seaweeds, which include green (Chlorophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), and brown algae (Phaeophyceae) can serve as a rich source of biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, and essential amino acids, minerals, lipids including polyunsaturated fatty acids, numerous antioxidants (e.g. polyphenols), vitamins, pigments, such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, etc. Due to their beneficial properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, etc., seaweeds can not only enhance animal production but also their health. In the present chapter, we focus on seaweeds that have potential to be used as common feed additives, on the current situation concerning the application of seaweeds in livestock feeding – their effect on animal health, growth, productive performance and quality of food, challenges (e.g. algae availability, variable chemical composition, toxic metal content, appropriate algae inclusion levels in the diet, forms of seaweeds in the diet, seaweeds digestibility) and possible solutions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott DW, Aasen IM, Beauchemin KA, Grondahl F, Gruninger R, Hayes M, Huws S, Kenny DA, Krizsan SJ, Kirwan SE, Lind V, Meyer U, Ramin M, Theodoridou K, von Soosten D, Walsh PJ, Waters S, **ng XH (2020) Seaweed and seaweed bioactives for mitigation of enteric methane: challenges and opportunities. Animals 10(12):2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122432

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Abdoun KA, Okab AB, El-Waziry AM, Samara EM, Al-Haidary AA (2014) Dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) to alleviate the impact of heat stress in growing lambs. Pak Vet J 34(1):108–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu Hafsa SH, Zeweil HS, Zahran SM, Ahmed MH, Dosoky W, Rwif NA (2019) Effect of dietary supplementation with green and brown seaweeds on laying performance, egg quality, blood lipid profile and antioxidant capacity in Japanese quail. Egypt Poult Sci 39:41–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abudabos AM, Okab AB, Aljumaah RS, Samara EM, Abdoun KA, Al-Haidary AA (2013) Nutritional value of green seaweed (Ulva lactuca) for broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci 12(2):e28. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2013.e28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi A, Moghadamtousi SZ, Abubakar S, Zandi K (2015) Antiviral potential of algae polysaccharides isolated from marine sources: a review. Biomed Res Int:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/825203

  • Al-Harthi MA, El-Deek AA (2012) Effect of different dietary concentrations of brown marine algae (Sargassum dentifebium) prepared by different methods on plasma and yolk lipid profiles, yolk total carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin of laying hens. Ital J Anim Sci 11(64):347–353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angell AR, Angell SF, de Nys R, Paul NA (2016) Seaweed as a protein source for mono-gastric livestock. Trends Food Sci Technol 54:74–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antaya NT, Soder KJ, Kraft J, Whitehouse NL, Guindon NE, Erickson PS, Conroy AB, Brito AF (2015) Incremental amounts of Ascophyllum nodosum meal do not improve animal performance but do increase milk iodine output in early lactation dairy cows fed high-forage diets. J Dairy Sci 98:1991–2004. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8851

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bai J, Wang R, Yan L, Feng J (2019) Co-supplementation of dietary seaweed powder and antibacterial peptides improves broiler growth performance and immune function. Braz J Poult Sci 21(2):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bay-Larsen I, Risvoll C, Vestrum I, Bjorkhaug H (2018) Local protein sources in animal feed – perceptions among arctic sheep farmers. J Rural Stud 59:98–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.02.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belanche A, Jones E, Parveen I, Newbold CJ (2016) A metagenomics approach to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum or Laminaria digitata on rumen function in Rusitec fermenters. Front Microbiol 7:299. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00299

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bikker P, Stokvis L, van Krimpen MM, van Wikselaar PG, Cone JW (2020) Evaluation of seaweeds from marine waters in Northwestern Europe for application in animal nutrition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 263:114460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonos E, Kargopoulos A, Nikolakakis I, Florou-Paneri P, Christaki E (2016) The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum as a potential functional ingredient in chicken nutrition. J Oceanogr Mar Res 4(1). https://doi.org/10.4172/2572-3103.1000140

  • Bradbury EJ, Wilkinson SJ, Cronin GM, Walk CL, Cowieson AJ (2012) The effect of marine calcium source on broiler leg integrity. In: Proc 23rd Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium. Sydney NSW. 19–22 Feb, pp 85–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussy F, Le Goff M, Salmon H, Delaval J, Berri M, Pi NC (2019) Immunomodulating effect of a seaweed extract from Ulva armoricana in pig: specific IgG and total IgA in colostrum, milk, and blood. Vet Anim Sci 7:100051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrita ARJ, Maia MRG, Oliveira HM, Sousa-Pinto I, Almeida AA, Pinto E, Fonseca AJM (2016) Tracing seaweeds as mineral sources for farm-animals. J Appl Phycol 28(5):3135–3150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0839-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cañedo-Castro B, Piñón-Gimate A, Carrillo S, Ramos D, Casas-Valdez M (2019) Prebiotic effect of Ulva rigida meal on the intestinal integrity and serum cholesterol and triglyceride content in broilers. J Appl Phycol 31:3265–3273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01785-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrillo S, Ríos VH, Calvo C, Carranco ME, Casas M, Pérez-Gil F (2012a) n-3 fatty acid content in eggs laid by hens fed with marine algae and sardine oil and stored at different times and temperatures. J Appl Phycol 24:593–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9777-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrillo S, Bahena A, Casas M, Carranco ME, Calvo CC, Ávila E, Pérez-Gi F (2012b) The alga Sargassum spp. as alternative to reduce egg cholesterol content. Cuban J Agric Sci 46(2):181–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi YJ, Lee SR, Oh J-W (2014) Effects of dietary fermented seaweed and seaweed fusiforme on growth performance, carcass parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in broiler chicks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 27(6):862–870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corino C, Modina SC, Di Giancamillo A, Chiapparini S, Rossi R (2019) Seaweeds in pig nutrition. Animals 9:1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121126

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cruywagen CW, Taylor S, Beya MM, Calitz T (2015) The effect of buffering dairy cow diets with limestone, calcareous marine algae, or sodium bicarbonate on ruminal pH profiles, production responses, and rumen fermentation. J Dairy Sci 98:5506–5514. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8875

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Draper J, Walsh AM, McDonnell M, O’Doherty JV (2016) Maternally offered seaweed extracts improves the performance and health status of the postweaned pig. J Anim Sci 94:391–394. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2015-9776

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ead HME, Maklad EHM, El-Shinnawy MM, Hamza AS, Ibrahim KE (2011) Effects of seaweed supplementation to dairy Friesian cows’ rations on: 2- Milk yield, blood parameters and feed efficiency. J Anim Poult Prod Mansoura Univ 2:231–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Elizondo-Gonzalez R, Cruz-Suárez LE, Marie DR, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Rodriguez-Padilla C, Trejo-Ávila LM (2012) In vitro characterization of the antiviral activity of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus against Newcastle disease virus. Virol J 9:307. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-307

  • El-Maaty HAA, EL-Khateeb AY, Al-Khalaifah H, El Hamed EA, Hamed S, El-Said EA, Mahrose KM, Metwally K, Mansour AM (2021) Effects of ecofriendly synthesized calcium nanoparticles with biocompatible Sargassum latifolium algae extract supplementation on egg quality and scanning electron microscopy images of the eggshell of aged laying hens. Poult Sci 100:675–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erum T, Frias GG, Cocal CJ (2017) Sargassum muticum as feed substitute for broiler. Asia Pac J Educ Arts Sci 4(4):6–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Haberecht S, Wilkinson S, Roberts J, Wu S, Swick R (2018) Unlocking the potential health and growth benefits of macroscopic algae for poultry. Worlds Poult Sci J 74(1):5–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917001052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Rinne M, Lamminen M, Mapato C, Ampapon T, Wanapat M, Vanhatalo A (2018) Review: alternative and novel feeds for ruminants: nutritive value, product quality and environmental aspects. Animal 12(S2):295–309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118002252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassanien HAM, Youssef HFH, Mahrous AA, Hafez YH, Phillip YL, Gaballah MM (2015) Effect feeding of supplemented ration with algae on milk yield and its composition for Damascus goats. Egypt J Nutr Feeds 18:65–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong ZS, Kim EJ, ** YC, Lee JS, Choi YJ, Lee HG (2015) Effects of supplementing brown seaweed by-products in the diet of Holstein cows during transition on ruminal fermentation, growth performance and endocrine responses. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 28:1296–1302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Islam MM, Ahmed ST, Kim YJ, Mun HS, Kim YJ, Yang CJ (2014) Effect of Sea Tangle (Laminaria japonica) and charcoal supplementation as alternatives to antibiotics on growth performance and meat quality of ducks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 27(2):217–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs RD, Gordon MBE, Vineyard KR, Keowen ML, Garza F Jr, Andrews FM (2020) The effect of a seaweed-derived calcium supplement on gastric juice pH in the horse. J Equine Vet Sci 95:103265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103265

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kulshreshtha G, Rathgeber B, Stratton G, Thomas N, Evans F, Critchley A, Hafting J, Prithiviraj B (2014) Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens. Poult Sci 93:2991–3001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulshreshtha G, Rathgeber B, MacIsaac J, Boulianne M, Brigitte L, Stratton G, Thomas NA, Critchley AT, Hafting J, Prithiviraj B (2017) Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, reduce Salmonella Enteritidis in laying hens. Front Microbiol 8:567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00567

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kulshreshtha G, Hincke MT, Prithiviraj B, Critchley A (2020) A review of the varied uses of macroalgae as dietary supplements in selected poultry with special reference to laying hen and broiler chickens. J Mar Sci Eng 8(7):536. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SJ, Shin NH, Jeong JS, Kim ET, Lee SK, Lee SS (2018) Effect of Rhodophyta extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 31(1):54–62. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard SG, Sweeney T, Bahar B, Lynch BP, O’Doherty JV (2011) Effects of dietary seaweed extract supplementation in sows and post-weaned pigs on performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and immune status. Br J Nutr 106(5):688–699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Luo J, Wang C, Tai W, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu K, Jia Y, Lyv X, Wang L, He H (2018) Ulvan extracted from green seaweeds as new natural additives in diets for laying hens. J Appl Phycol 30:2017–2027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch MB, Sweeny T, Callan JJ, O’Sullivan JT, O’Doherty JV (2010) The effect of dietary Laminaria derived laminarin and fucoidan on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation, intestinal mircoflora and volatile fatty acid concentration in pigs. J Sci Food Agric 90(3):430–437

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Machado L, Kinley RD, Magnusson M, de Nys R, Tomkins NW (2015) The potential of macroalgae for beef production systems in Northern Australia. J Appl Phycol 27(5):2001–2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0439-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maia MRG, Fonseca AJM, Cortez PP, Cabrita ARJ (2019) In vitro evaluation of macroalgae as unconventional ingredients in ruminant animal feeds. Algal Res 40:101481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makkar HPS, Tran G, Heuzé V, Giger-Reverdin S, Lessire M, Lebas F, Ankers P (2016) Seaweeds for livestock diets: a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 212:1–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal AB, Biswas A, Mir NA, Tyagi PK, Kapil D, Biswas AK (2019) Effects of dietary supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii on productive performance and egg quality traits of laying hens. J Appl Phycol 31:2065–2072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1707-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez Y, Ayala L, Hurtado C, Más D, Rodríguez R (2019) Effects of dietary supplementation with red algae powder (Chondrus crispus) on growth performance, carcass traits, lymphoid organ weights and intestinal pH in broilers. Braz J Poult Sci 21(4):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michalak I, Mahrose K (2020) Seaweeds, intact and processed, as a valuable component of poultry feeds. J Mar Sci Eng 8:620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michalak I, Marycz K (2019) Algae as a promising feed additive for horses. In: Pereira L, Bahcevandziev K, Joshi NH (eds) Seaweeds as plant fertilizer, agricultural biostimulants and animal fodder, vol 7. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, pp 128–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalak I, Chojnacka K, Dobrzański Z, Górecki H, Zielińska A, Korczyński M, Opaliński S (2011) Effect of macroalgae enriched with microelements on egg quality parameters and mineral content of eggs, eggshell, blood, feathers and drop**s. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 95:374–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Momeneh T, Karimi A, Sadeghi G, Vaziry A, Bedford MR (2018) Evaluation of dietary calcium level and source and phytase on growth performance, serum metabolites, and ileum mineral contents in broiler chicks fed adequate phosphorus diets from one to 28 days of age. Poult Sci 97:1283–1289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morais T, Inácio A, Coutinho T, Ministro M, Cotas J, Pereira L, Bahcevandziev K (2020) Seaweed potential in the animal feed: a review. J Mar Sci Eng 8:559. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moroney NC, O’Grady MN, O’Doherty JV, Kerry JP (2012) Addition of seaweed (Laminaria digitata) extracts containing laminarin and fucoidan to porcine diets: influence on the quality and shelf-life of fresh pork. Meat Sci 92:423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moroney NC, O’Grady MN, Robertson RC, Stanton C, O’Doherty JV, Kerry JP (2015) Influence of level and duration of feeding polysaccharide (laminarin and fucoidan) extracts from brown seaweed (Laminaria digitata) on quality indices of fresh pork. Meat Sci 99:132–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nhlane LT, Mnisi CM, Mlambo V, Madibana M (2020) Nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and blood indices of Boschveld chickens fed seaweed-containing diets. Animals 10(8):1296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10081296

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nhlane LT, Mnisi CM, Mlambo V, Madibana MJ (2021) Effect of seaweed-containing diets on visceral organ sizes, carcass characteristics, and meat quality and stability of Boschveld indigenous hens. Poult Sci 100(2):949–956

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Øverland M, Mydland LT, Skrede A (2019) Marine macroalgae as sources of protein and bioactive compounds in feed for monogastric animals. J Sci Food Agric 99:13–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qadri SSN, Biswas A, Mandal AB, Kumawat M, Saxena R, Nasir AM (2019) Production performance, immune response and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed diet incorporated with Kappaphycus alvarezii. J Appl Phycol 31:753–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1498-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramadan G, Fouda WA, Ellamie AM, Ibrahim WM (2020) Dietary supplementation of Sargassum latifolium modulates thermo-respiratory response, inflammation, and oxidative stress in bacterial endotoxin-challenged male Barki sheep. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:33863–33871

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rey-Crespo F, López-Alonso M, Miranda M (2014) The use of seaweed from the Galician coast as a mineral supplement in organic dairy cattle. Animal 8(4):580–586. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113002474

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rjiba SK, Chermiti A, Mahouachi M (2010) The use of seaweeds (Ruppia maritima and Chaetomorpha linum) for lamb fattening during drought periods. Small Rumin Res 91:116–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.01.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roque BM, Salwen JK, Kinley R, Kebreab E (2019) Inclusion of Asparagopsis armata in lactating dairy cows’ diet reduces enteric methane emission by over 50 percent. J Clean Prod 234:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz ÁR, Gadicke P, Andrades SM, Cubillos R (2018) Supplementing nursery pig feed with seaweed extracts increases final body weight of pigs. Austral J Vet Sci 50:83–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santoso SI, Suprijatna E, Setiadi A, Susanti S (2016) Effect of duck diet supplemented with fermented seaweed wastes on carcass characteristics and production efficiency of indigenous Indonesian ducks. Indian J Anim Res 50(5):699–704. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.11160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shama A, Joyce SG, Mari FD, Ranga Rao A, Ravishankar GA, Hudaa N (2019) Macroalgae and microalgae: novel sources of functional food and feed. In: Ravishankar GA, Ranga Rao A (eds) Handbook of algal technologies and phytochemicals. Food, Health and Nutraceutical Applications, vol I, CRC Press, USA, pp 207–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh BK, Chopra RC, Rai SN, Verma MP, Mohanta RK (2014) Effect of feeding seaweed as mineral source on mineral metabolism, blood and milk mineral profile in cows. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci 86:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0413-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan J, Zhang J, Chen DW, Yu B, He J (2017) Effects of alginate oligosaccharide on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal digestion–absorption function in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 234:118–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Bernard JK, Taylor SJ (2015) Effect of feeding calcareous marine algae to Holstein cows prepartum or postpartum on serum metabolites and performance. J Dairy Sci 98(7):4629–4639. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou M, Hünerberg M, Chen Y, Reuter T, McAllister TA, Evans F, Critchley AT, Guan LL (2018) Air-dried brown seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, alters the rumen microbiome in a manner that changes rumen fermentation profiles and lowers the prevalence of foodborne pathogens. mSphere 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00017-18

Download references

Acknowledgments

Izabela Michalak was funded by a grant entitled: “The effect of bioactive algae enriched by biosorption in the certain minerals such as Cr(III), Mg(II) and Mn(II) on the status of glucose in the course of metabolic syndrome horses. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo” (No 2015/18/E/NZ9/00607) from the National Science Centre in Poland.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Khalid M. Mahrose

  2. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław, Poland

    Izabela Michalak

Authors
  1. Khalid M. Mahrose
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Izabela Michalak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Khalid M. Mahrose or Izabela Michalak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation of Science Technology and Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Ambati Ranga Rao

  2. Dr. C. D. Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Gokare A. Ravishankar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Mahrose, K.M., Michalak, I. (2022). Seaweeds for Animal Feed, Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities. In: Ranga Rao, A., Ravishankar, G.A. (eds) Sustainable Global Resources Of Seaweeds Volume 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation