Environment, Humanism, Science, and Tolerance

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Politics and Racism Beyond Nations

Abstract

This chapter depicts the narratives of three gay men and what to them it meant growing up homosexual. The chapter is meant to inspire greater comprehension through science and how science may lead to more tolerance. For example, better understanding the biological bases for Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender (LBGT) constructions may aid in some manner toward social acceptance of same-sex and/or alternative sexual identities beyond hegemonic hetero-constructions. In this chapter, I am also promoting a kind of tolerance through neurobiology and primatology. Explored in this chapter are how different neurochemicals and different brain regions affect human behavior. Likewise, I investigate what non-human primate behaviors tell us about being human. Furthermore, the chapter explores the destruction of the Amazon and the negligence of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro in preventing mass fires and why race must not be associated with diseases.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.livescience.com/46123-many-americans-creationists.html.

  2. 2.

    J. P. Linstroth (2015). Marching Against Gender Practice: Political Imaginings in the Basqueland. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books and “Gender as a Category for Analysis of Conflict” in The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace, Vol. 2, (ed.) Nigel Young, pp. 226–232.

  3. 3.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City.

  4. 4.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Family_Structures_Study.

  5. 5.

    https://www.oyez.org/cases/2002/02-102.

  6. 6.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03629-6.

  7. 7.

    See Goodall (1971: 265).

  8. 8.

    Sapolsky (2017: 107–117).

  9. 9.

    https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-projections/.

  10. 10.

    https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2018/.

  11. 11.

    https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/180529_Ridge_ForcedMigrationCrisi.pdf.

  12. 12.

    https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2015_Highlights.pdf.

  13. 13.

    https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/displacement-in-central-america.html.

  14. 14.

    See Sapolsky (2017).

  15. 15.

    https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium.HIGHLIGHT-the-revolt-of-the-maccabees-the-true-story-behind-hanukkah-1.5343197.

  16. 16.

    See Bloch (2013).

  17. 17.

    See de Waal (2009).

  18. 18.

    See de Waal (2009).

  19. 19.

    De Waal (2009: 13).

  20. 20.

    Sapolsky (2017: 528–534).

  21. 21.

    https://www.ipbes.net; https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/5/7/18531171/1-million-species-extinction-ipbes-un-biodiversity-crisis.

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  22. 22.

    https://www.amazon.com/Sixth-Extinction-Unnatural-History/dp/1250062187/ref=sr_1_3?keywords=the+sixth+extinction&qid=1557958978&s=gateway&sr=8-3.

  23. 23.

    https://www.britannica.com/science/Ordovician-Silurian-extinction.

  24. 24.

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283569714_Relationship_among_sea-level_fluctuation_biogeography_and_bioevents_of_the_Devonian_An_attempt_to_approach_a_powerful_but_simple_model_for_complex_long-range_control_of_biotic_crises; https://www.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/developments-in-palaeontology-and-stratigraphy/vol/20/suppl/C.

  25. 25.

    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/permian-extinction.

  26. 26.

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  27. 27.

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  28. 28.

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  34. 34.

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  45. 45.

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  51. 51.

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  52. 52.

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  53. 53.

    http://www.salsa-tipiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/PIAC-Letter-re-Fires-in-Amazonia-Aug2019-.pdf.pdf.

  54. 54.

    https://www.cartacapital.com.br/sociedade/201cse-o-bicho-avancar-vamos-encarar-de-pe201d-diz-ailton-krenak-1118/.

  55. 55.

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  56. 56.

    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49415973.

  57. 57.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil.

  58. 58.

    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49433437.

  59. 59.

    https://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon-rainforest-facts.html.

  60. 60.

    https://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon_wildlife.html.

    https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/amazon/amazon_threats/unsustainable_cattle_ranching/?

  61. 61.

    https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/List_of_indigenous_peoples; https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/How_many_are_they%3F.

  62. 62.

    https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498500258/Nationalism-and-Intra-State-Conflicts-in-the-Postcolonial-World.

  63. 63.

    https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/brazilian.

  64. 64.

    https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal; https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/situacao-atual/.

  65. 65.

    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49443389.

  66. 66.

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  108. 108.

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  110. 110.

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  119. 119.

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Linstroth, J.P. (2022). Environment, Humanism, Science, and Tolerance. In: Politics and Racism Beyond Nations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91720-3_6

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