Abstract
Mucosal barriers are dynamic structures that allow fish to interact with the external environment while maintaining homeostasis. Mucosal barriers are very complex tissues with unique adaptations that optimize a myriad of physiological roles including nutrition, gas exchange, smell, and immunity, among others. Thus, mucosal barriers contain a local immune system, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), that protects the host from pathogens and other insults. Fish MALTs have thus far been found in the skin, gills, gut, olfactory epithelium, pharyngeal epithelium, and buccal epithelium. Fish mucosal barriers draw many benefits from their symbiotic microbial communities, and therefore, the mucosal immune system of fish plays a key role in maintaining this symbiosis. This chapter gives an overview of the importance of the mucosal immune system in overall fish health. We introduce the key principles known to govern mucosal immune responses in teleosts as well as the innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules involved. Importantly, we review also the application of fundamental biological knowledge in fish mucosal immunity to aquaculture interventions and practices, including advances in the field of fish vaccinology and probiotics. With the goal to move the field forward, we identify critical knowledge areas that remain obscure and propose future work to illuminate them.
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Abbreviations
- Ach:
-
Acetylcholine
- AGD:
-
Amoebic gill disease
- AMP:
-
Antimicrobial peptides
- AP:
-
Alkaline phosphatase
- APC:
-
Antigen-presenting cell
- BCR:
-
B-cell receptor
- CMIS:
-
Common mucosal immune system
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CyHV-3:
-
Cyprinid herpesvirus-3
- d-MALT:
-
Diffuse mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
- DC:
-
Dendritic cells
- ENS:
-
Enteric nervous system
- GALT:
-
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
- GAPs:
-
Goblet cell-associated antigen passages
- GC:
-
Goblet cell
- GIALT:
-
Gill-associated lymphoid tissue
- IEL:
-
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
- IHNV:
-
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
- ILT:
-
Interbranchial lymphoid tissue
- IPNV:
-
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
- LPL:
-
Lamina propria leucocytes
- MALT:
-
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
- MBL:
-
Mannose-binding lectin
- MCs/EGCs:
-
Mast cells/eosinophilic granule cells
- mIgM:
-
Membrane-bound IgM
- MUC:
-
Mucins
- NALT:
-
Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue
- NCCs:
-
Non-specific cytotoxic cells
- NK cells:
-
Natural killer cells
- NNV:
-
Nervous necrosis virus
- O-MALT:
-
Organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
- OSNs:
-
Olfactory sensory neurons
- pIgR:
-
Polymeric Ig receptor
- PNS:
-
Peripheral nervous system
- RBL:
-
Rhamnose-binding lectins
- SALT:
-
Skin-associated lymphoid tissue
- SC:
-
Secretory component
- sIgs:
-
Secretory immunoglobulins
- SVCV:
-
Spring viremia of carp
- VHSV:
-
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant NSF IOS 1457282 to J.O.S., the U.S. Department of Agriculture grants USDA-NIFA-2016-09400 to J.O.S. and # 2015-67015-22973 and #2017-67015-26798 to I.S., and the NIH grant NIH 2R01GM085207-09 to J.O.S. and I.S.
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Salinas, I., Ding, Y., Fernández-Montero, Á., Sunyer, J.O. (2022). Mucosal Immunity in Fish. In: Buchmann, K., Secombes, C.J. (eds) Principles of Fish Immunology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85420-1_12
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