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Monstrous Beauties: Bodies in Motion Between Colonial Archives and the Migrant and Refugee Crisis

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The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Race and Gender

Abstract

Reflecting on codes of beauty and monstrosity in the context of the migrant/refugee crises through an interdisciplinary approach in dialogue with cultural and postcolonial studies, the chapter reads against the grain of an archive of images and ‘figures of race’ across (post)colonial times. ‘Figures of race’, means images sedimented transnationally, crystallizing some of the meanings assigned to bodies invariably gendered and racialized in colonial and postcolonial contexts. It draws on genealogies of gendered and racialized ideas of beauty and monstrosity underlying iconographies of vulnerability, dangerousness/worthiness, and expendability. The hegemonic reading of bodies, and people’s life and mobility trajectories, enable analysis of the semiotic potential of the border as a biopolitical dispositif that assigns differing degrees of (im)morality to persons in mobility.

This essay is based on research developed under a contract funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT (DL 57/2016/CP1341/CT0025 and CES-SOC/UID/50012/2019) in the framework of the project (De)OTHERING (Reference: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029997)—financed by FEDER, European Regional Development Fund, through the COMPETE 2020 Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), and other Portuguese funds through the FCT. I would like to thank project team members Julia Garraio, Rita Santos, Sofia Santos e Marilena Indelicato from the (De)Othering team, as well as colleagues and friends Kiran Grewal, Giovanni Bettini, Monish Bhatia, and Francesca Esposito for their valuable revision of the text. Academic copy editor Silvia Loffredo provided professional English-language editing of a draft of this article. I would like to thank professors Greta Olson and Charles Wolfe for generously sharing their work with me.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See the famously controversial Charlie Hebdo’s cover on Alan Kurdi (n. 34, 2016) https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jan/14/charlie-hebdo-cartoon-depicting-drowned-child-alan-kurdi-sparks-racism-debate. On the politics of innocence, see also Ticktin (2017).

  2. 2.

    https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-italy/terrorist-presence-on-migrants-boats-from-libya-now-a-certainty-italys-salvini-idUKKCN1RT0HQ.

  3. 3.

    https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/20/lampedusa-refugee-fleeing-libya-boats-italy; https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/8413997/Illegal-migrants-from-Tunisia-and-Libya-flood-the-tiny-Italian-island-of-Lampedusa.html.

  4. 4.

    https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/10/453012-after-latest-lampedusa-tragedy-ban-calls-action-protect-human-rights-migrants; http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/World/2019/Mar-06/478143-more-than-80-migrants-rescued-off-italys-lampedusa.ashx.

  5. 5.

    https://africanmanager.com/migrants-pres-de-lampedusa-rome-menace-de-les-renvoyer-en-libye/.

  6. 6.

    https://www.tdg.ch/monde/europe/L-UE-se-penche-sur-sa-politique-dimmigration/story/15511242.

  7. 7.

    http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/World/2019/Mar-06/478143-more-than-80-migrants-rescued-off-italys-lampedusa.ashx. On the shift in photoframing from humanist to humanitarian, see Pogliano 2015.

  8. 8.

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1371204/Lampedusa-MORE-migrants-fleeing-Tunisia-Libya-inhabitants.html.

  9. 9.

    A Fascist poster against US occupation during the Second World War was recently reclaimed by Forza Nuova, an extreme-right neo-Fascist party. See https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/italia/13227508/forza-nuova-manifesto-stupri-fascismo-razzismo-repubblica-sociale-italiana.html. See Frisina and Giuliani (2017: 73–81).

  10. 10.

    https://www.smh.com.au/world/next-time-you-will-be-targeted-libyan-coastguard-threaten-migrant-rescue-ship-20170809-gxs5ma.html

  11. 11.

    https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/05/26/migrants-rescued-mediterranean-sea/84993016/.

  12. 12.

    See for instance the images and videos produced by Forensic Oceanography, a project developed by Lorenzo Pezzani, Charles Heller and their Forensic Architecture (FA) research agency at Goldsmiths, University of London, where they conduct advanced architectural and media research on behalf of international prosecutors, human rights organisations, and political and environmental justice groups.

  13. 13.

    https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/13776/salvini-claims-asylum-seekers-in-italy-receive-free-mobiles-is-that-true.

  14. 14.

    In this essay, I will use ‘she’ as a gender-neutral pronoun.

  15. 15.

    https://www.amnesty.org.uk/worlds-deadliest-sea-crossing-mediterranean.

  16. 16.

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/07/vulnerable-migrants-made-homeless-after-italy-passes-salvini-decree.

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    Gaia Giuliani

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Giuliani, G. (2022). Monstrous Beauties: Bodies in Motion Between Colonial Archives and the Migrant and Refugee Crisis. In: Tate, S.A., Gutiérrez Rodríguez, E. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Race and Gender. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83947-5_21

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