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Tailoring 3D Biomaterials for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

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Engineering Biomaterials for Neural Applications

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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI), with either traumatic or non-traumatic aetiology, brings lifetime health, economic and social consequences to thousands of people worldwide. Tragically, there are no available therapies capable of reversing the condition of SCI patients, who experience their daily routines becoming nearly impossible tasks due to the abrupt decrease in their mobility and independence. During the last decades, biomaterials have continuously been tested as central players for a wide range of SCI regenerative strategies, particularly the development of highly biocompatible 3D tissue-engineered scaffolds proficient to bridge the lesion site. Importantly, the clinical success of such constructs deeply relies on the generation of functional neural circuits that resemble the spinal cord network. In this chapter, we overview the most promising methodologies for tailoring biomaterials towards the recreation of biochemical and biomechanical gradients capable of boosting neural cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Relevant research topics regarding scaffolding approaches such as microfabrication techniques and some functionalization strategies are presented and critically discussed. Furthermore, decisive parameters commonly used to assess the biocompatibility of biomaterials for SCI repair are also reviewed.

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Acknowledgements

A.F.G. thanks the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) for the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/130287/2017, which is carried out in collaboration between TEMA-UA and ICMM-CSIC. J.S. thanks FCT for the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/144579/2019. P.A.A.P.M., M.T.P. and M.C. acknowledge the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme for funding the project NeuroStimSpinal (grant agreement No. 829060). The projects UIDB/00481/2020 and UIDP/00481/2020 (FCT) and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083 (Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme, Centro2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund, are also acknowledged for supporting TEMA Research Unit.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    André F. Girão

  2. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    André F. Girão

  3. TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Joana Sousa & Paula A. A. P. Marques

  4. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain

    Mónica Cicuéndez & María Teresa Portolés

  5. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    María Concepción Serrano

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  1. André F. Girão
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  2. Joana Sousa
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  4. María Concepción Serrano
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  5. María Teresa Portolés
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  6. Paula A. A. P. Marques
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Correspondence to Paula A. A. P. Marques .

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  1. SESCAM, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain

    Elisa López-Dolado

  2. CSIC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    María Concepción Serrano

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Girão, A.F., Sousa, J., Cicuéndez, M., Serrano, M.C., Portolés, M.T., Marques, P.A.A.P. (2022). Tailoring 3D Biomaterials for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. In: López-Dolado, E., Concepción Serrano, M. (eds) Engineering Biomaterials for Neural Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81400-7_3

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