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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Ophthalmology: Glaucoma and Macular Oedema

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The Carbonic Anhydrases: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Targets

Part of the book series: Progress in Drug Research ((PDR,volume 75))

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Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are commonly used pharmacologic agents. A myriad of CAI classes and inhibition mechanisms has been identified over the past decade. The classical CAI is acetazolamide, which has been used for the systemic treatment of glaucoma since 1953. A topical CAI was introduced more than 40 years after the introduction of this systemic agent. The rationale for the development of topically active CAIs—dorzolamide and brinzolamide—was to eliminate the systemic side effects seen with the oral route, which currently makes them popular therapeutics that are used as ocular hypotensives in medical therapy of ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Carbonic anhydrase is one of the most ubiquitous enzyme systems in the body and also acts as an inflammatory mediator. It is found both in the ciliary body epithelium and in different retinal cells, thus revealing new intraocular targets and new roles for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Scientific understanding of glaucoma and of macular oedema accompanying several ocular diseases continues to develop, producing a consequent re-evaluation of the role of carbonic anhydrase in the pathogenesis of these conditions. This underscores the importance of accurate evaluation of the therapeutic potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

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  1. Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan

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    Nicholas D. Carter

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Shahsuvaryan, M.L. (2021). Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Ophthalmology: Glaucoma and Macular Oedema. In: Chegwidden, W.R., Carter, N.D. (eds) The Carbonic Anhydrases: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Progress in Drug Research, vol 75. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79511-5_4

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