Abstract
In the general system of hydrobiological monitoring, information on the biodiversity of aquatic biocenoses is the only necessary and final link that allows us to move from the statement of the fact of pollution to the assessment of the biological consequences of this pollution. This allows a direct assessment of the ecological status of water bodies. In lotic ecosystems, periphyton and zoobenthos are the most significant indicator biocenoses. This article is based on the results of background hydrobiological monitoring of water ecosystems in the Aral Sea basin. It includes Uzbekistan and sections of the catchment basins from adjacent countries with a total area of more than 300,000 km2. The chapter includes studies carried out by Uzhydromet within the national network of observation points, their background, and impact levels, confined to the zone of flow formation (ZFF) and the zone of flow intensive consumption (ZFC). Hydrobiological data also covers data from several international projects. To assess the environmental situation, we have developed a scale of invariant ecological statuses of indicator aquatic biocenoses of periphyton and zoobenthos by allocating five main statuses: 1. Background (reference) state is evaluated as AE(B). 2. Background (good) status condition – also rated as AE(B). 3. Satisfactory status is rated as AE. 4. Transitional, unsatisfactory, and poor status is rated as AE-Ar or Ar. 5. Unallowable status – rated as ar (A, metabolic and E, ecological progress; B, background; r, ecological regress; a, metabolic regress). An analysis of the taxonomic composition and bioindication of the summer and autumn phases (intra-annual temporal patterns of biocenoses) has revealed the emerging threat of the transition of the water quality class “clean” water to intermediate class “clean-moderately polluted” waters in the small rivers of mountain and foothill areas where the border ZFC and gradually expanding urban areas are shifting toward ZFF. In ZFC, in comparison with background watercourses in the ZFF, where the change in periphyton biocenoses occur in the direction of their natural evolution, the moderate pollution of the midstream of rivers maintains their eutrophic state throughout the year by activating the metabolism of periphyton, which in this case is caused first by increasing the diversity (total number of species) of the autotrophic component, and then, with increasing pollution load. The developed complex ecological statuses scale of lotic ecosystems makes it possible to trace the main directions in changing the taxonomic and trophic structure of indicator biocenoses under the influence of complex abiotic factors and to organize control over the ecological status in the regional hydrographic network. In the future, their regular implementation is extremely important from the point of view of studying biosphere processes, inventory, and assessment of the status of the gene pool of large landscape complexes (nature reserves).
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Karimov, B.K., Talskikh, V.N. (2022). Biodiversity of Indicator Biocenoses of Lotic Ecosystems of the Aral Sea Basin, Central Asia, Used in Hydrobiological Monitoring. In: Öztürk, M., Khan, S.M., Altay, V., Efe, R., Egamberdieva, D., Khassanov, F.O. (eds) Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_57
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