Abstract
This chapter outlines the main concepts of atomic structure, with some emphasis on terminology and notation. Atomic radiation is discussed, in particular the wavelengths, intensities, and shapes of spectral lines, and a few remarks are made regarding continuous spectra. We include tabulations of ionization energies for neutral atoms and transition probabilities for persistent lines of selected neutral atoms and provide references to sources of atomic spectroscopic data.
Experimental techniques and the details of atomic theoretical methods are not covered in this chapter; these and a number of other subjects pertinent to atomic spectroscopy are treated in one or more of at least fifteen other chapters in this book.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Taylor, B.N., Thompson, A. (eds.): The International System of Units (SI) (2008) https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.330e2008. NIST Special Publication 330, available online at https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-330
Condon, E.U., Shortley, G.H.: The Theory of Atomic Spectra. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1935)
Cowan, R.D.: The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra. Univ. California Press, Berkeley (1981)
Demtröder, W.: Atoms, Molecules, and Photons. An Introduction to Atomic-, Molecular- and Quantum Physics, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2006)
Bethe, H.A., Salpeter, E.E.: Quantum Mechanics of One- and Two-Electron Atoms. Plenum, New York (1977)
Karshenboim, S.G.: Phys. Rep. 422, 1 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2005.08.008
Edlén, B.: In: Flügge, S. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Physics, vol. 27, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1964)
Russell, H.N., Saunders, F.A.: Astrophys. J. 61, 38 (1925). https://doi.org/10.1086/142872
Nielson, C.W., Koster, G.F.: Spectroscopic Coefficients for the pn, dn, and fn Configurations. MIT Press, Cambridge (1963)
Martin, W.C., Zalubas, R., Hagan, L.: Atomic Energy Levels – The Rare-Earth Elements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington (1978). Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. No. 60
de-Shalit, A., Talmi, I.: Nuclear Shell Theory. Academic Press, New York (1963)
Russell, H.N., Shenstone, A.G., Turner, L.A.: Phys. Rev. 33, 900 (1929). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.33.900
Bacher, R.F., Goudsmit, S.: Atomic Energy States. McGraw-Hill, New York (1932)
Moore, C.E.: Atomic Energy Levels. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington (1971). Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. No. 35
Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Y., Reader, J., NIST ASD Team: NIST Atomic Spectra Database, version 5.9 (2021) https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F. Available online at https://physics.nist.gov/asd; This is one of several online NIST databases referred to in this chapter. The databases are accessible online at https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data
Sansonetti, J.E., Martin, W.C.: Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data, NIST (online database). https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook. These tables include selected data on wavelengths, energy levels, and transition probabilities for the neutral and singly-ionized atoms of all elements up through einsteinium (Z = 1–99); https://doi.org/10.18434/T4FW23
Bernath, P.F.: Spectra of Atoms and Molecules, 3rd edn. Oxford Univ. Press, New York (2015)
Wybourne, B.G.: Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths. Wiley, New York (1965)
Schwinger, J.: Phys. Rev. 73, 416 (1948). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.416
Yan, Z.C., Drake, G.W.F.: Phys. Rev. A 50, R1980 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.50.R1980
Martin, W.C.: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 784 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.70.000784
Drake, G.W.F.: Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32, 93 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-250X(08)60012-9
Fano, U., Martin, W.C.: In: Brittin, W.E., Odabasi, H. (eds.) Topics in Modern Physics, A Tribute to E.U. Condon, pp. 147–152. Colorado Associated Univ. Press, Colorado (1971)
Edlén, B.: Metrologia 2, 71 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/2/2/002
Peck, E.R., Reeder, K.: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 958 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.62.000958
Quinn, T.J.: Metrologia 40, 103 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/40/2/316
Maki, A.G., Wells, J.S.: Wavenumber Calibration Tables from Heterodyne Frequency Measurements, version 1.3. NIST, Gaithersburg (1998) https://doi.org/10.18434/T49598. Originally published as NIST Special Publication 821 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 1987)
Whaling, W., Anderson, W.H.C., Carle, M.T., Brault, J.W., Zarem, H.A.: J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 107, 149 (2002). https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.10714
Whaling, W., Anderson, W.H.C., Carle, M.T., Brault, J.W., Zarem, H.A.: J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 53, 1 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(94)00102-D
Sansonetti, C.J., Weber, K.-H.: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1, 361 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.1.000361
Palmer, B.A., Keller, R.A., Engleman Jr., R.: Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-8251-MS, UC-34a (1980)
Redman, S.L., Lawler, J.E., Nave, G., Ramsey, L.W., Mahadevan, S.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 195, 24 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/195/2/24
Redman, S.L., Nave, G., Sansonetti, C.J.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 211, 4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/211/1/4
Gerstenkorn, S., Luc, P.: Atlas du Spectre d'Absorption de la Molécule d'Iode entre 14 800–20 000 cm-1. Editions du CNRS, Paris (1978)
Kato, H., Kasahara, S., Misono, M., Maasaki, B.: Doppler-Free High Resolution Spectral Atlas of Iodine Molecule 15 000 to 19 000 cm-1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo (2000)
Knöckel, H., Bodermann, B., Tiemann, E.: Eur. Phys. J. D 28, 199 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00313-4
Salami, H., Ross, A.J.: J. Mol. Spectrosc. 233, 157 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2005.06.002
Kaufman, V., Edlén, B.: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 3, 825 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3253149
Nave, G., Johansson, S., Learner, R.C.M., Thorne, A.P., Brault, J.W.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 94, 221 (1994). and references therein https://doi.org/10.1086/192079
Nave, G., Johansson, S.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 204, 1 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/204/1/1
Sansonetti, J.E., Reader, J., Sansonetti, C.J., Acquista, N.: Atlas of the Spectrum of a Platinum/Neon Hollow-Cathode Lamp in the Region 1130–4330 Å. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 97, 1–212 (1992). https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.097.002; online database available at https://www.nist.gov/pml/ultraviolet-spectrum-platinum-lamp
Nave, G., Sansonetti, C.J.: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 442 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.21.000442
Stahler, S.W., Palla, F.: The Formation of Stars. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004)
Sobel'man, I.I.: Introduction to the Theory of Atomic Spectra. Pergamon Press, New York (1972)
Cox, A.N. (ed.): Allen's Astrophysical Quantities, 4th edn. AIP Press, Springer, New York (2000)
Weiss, A.W.: J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 18, 481 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(77)90046-2
Wiese, W.L.: Phys. Scr. T65, 188 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/028
Kramida, A.: Fusion Sci. Technol. 63, 313 (2013). https://doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16437
Wiese, W.L., Fuhr, J.R.: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 38, 565 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3077727
Fuhr, J.R., Wiese, W.L.: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 39, 013101 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3286088
Kunze, H.-J.: Introduction to Plasma Spectroscopy. Springer, New York (2009)
Griem, H.R.: Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas. Academic Press, New York (1974)
Roberts, J.R., Voigt, P.A.: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 75A, 291 (1971). https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.075A.028
Sobelman, I.I.: Atomic Spectra and Radiative Transitions, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1992)
Schlüter, D.: Z. Phys. 210, 80 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01379872
Hofsaess, D.: J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 19, 339 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(78)90068-7
Wilbers, A.T.M., Kroesen, G.M.W., Timmermans, C.J., Schram, D.C.: J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 45, 1 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(91)90076-3
Sukhorukov, V.L., Petrov, I.D., Schäfer, M., Merkt, F., Ruf, M.-W., Hotop, H.: J. Phys. B 45, 092001 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/45/9/092001
Ralchenko, Y., Stambulchik, E.: Databases for Atomic and Plasma Physics (2018). Available at https://doi.org/10.34933/wis.000400
VAMDC Consortium: http://www.vamdc.org
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Martin, W.C., Wiese, W.L., Kramida, A. (2023). Atomic Spectroscopy. In: Drake, G.W.F. (eds) Springer Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73893-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73893-8_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73892-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73893-8
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)