SpringerLink
Log in

Pharmaceutical Public Health in Africa: The Contributions of Pharmacy Professionals to Public Health

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy

  • 205 Accesses

Abstract

Pharmacy professionals and their teams play an important role in providing public health services, but little is known about their contribution and the level of evidence available in Africa. This entry aims to provide evidence and examples of public health interventions delivered by pharmacy professionals in Africa. A review of the literature published over 10 years (2010 to 2020) is used as the basis for information. The most common themes identified were non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases, sexual and reproductive health, antimicrobial resistance, and other health conditions such as oral health, minor ailments. The major constraints to service provision were identified as a lack of training, public recognition, and supporting policies. From published literature, we highlight that although pharmacists and their teams across Africa have attempted to expand their practice in public health, the pace of the expansion has been slow and lacks strong evidence for generalizability and sustainability. Increased research will provide foundation for policy reform and further opportunity for pharmacy professionals to make significant contributions to public health initiatives in the region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 799.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
GBP 799.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abubakar U, Syed Sulaiman SA, Adesiyun AG. Impact of pharmacist-led antibiotic stewardship interventions on compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0213395.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Adje DU, Williams FE, Oparah AC. Outcome of cardiovascular risk assessment among rural community dwellers in ezionum, Nigeria-implications for public health. Afr Health Sci. 2019;19(2):2112–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Adje D, Umar M, Gadanya M, Rufai R. Impact of pharmacists’health educational intervention on anemia in pregnancy in rural settings in Kano, Nigeria. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2020;11:2403–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agyei-Mensah S, de-Graft Aikins A. Epidemiological transition and the double burden of disease in Accra, Ghana. J Urban Health. 2010;87(5):879–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Akol A, Chin-Quee D, Wamala-Mucheri P, Namwebya JH, Mercer SJ, Stanback J, et al. Getting closer to people: family planning provision by drug shops in Uganda. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2014;2(4):472–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Albassam A, Awad A. Community pharmacists’ services for women during pregnancy and breast feeding in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(1):e018980.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Amadi CE, Lawal FO, Mbakwem AC, Ajuluchukwu JN, Oke DA. Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and practice of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease by Community Pharmacists in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018;40(6):1587–95.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Amadi C, Lawal F, Ajiboye W, Agbim R, Mbakwem A, Ajuluchukwu J, et al. Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42(6):1469–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amorha KC, Okonta MJ, Ukwe CV. Impact of pharmacist-led educational interventions on asthma control and adherence: single-blind, randomised clinical trial. Int J Clin Pharm. 2021;43:689–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson S. Community pharmacy and public health in Great Britain, 1936 to 2006: how a phoenix rose from the ashes. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(10):844–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ansah EK, Narh-Bana S, Affran-Bonful H, Bart-Plange C, Cundill B, Gyapong M, et al. The impact of providing rapid diagnostic malaria tests on fever management in the private retail sector in Ghana: a cluster randomized trial. BMJ. 2015;350:h1019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Armour CL, LeMay K, Saini B, Reddel HK, Bosnic-Anticevich SZ, Smith LD, et al. Using the community pharmacy to identify patients at risk of poor asthma control and factors which contribute to this poor control. J Asthma. 2011;48(9):914–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Awor P, Wamani H, Tylleskar T, Jagoe G, Peterson S. Increased access to care and appropriateness of treatment at private sector drug shops with integrated management of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea: a quasi-experimental study in Uganda. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e115440.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ayele AA, Mekuria AB, Tegegn HG, Gebresillassie BM, Mekonnen AB, Erku DA. Management of minor ailments in a community pharmacy setting: findings from simulated visits and qualitative study in Gondar town, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190583.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Azhar S, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MIM, Ahmad M, Masood I, Shafie AA. The role of pharmacists in develo** countries: the current scenario in Pakistan. Hum Resour Health. 2009;7(1):1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basak SC, van Mil JF, Sathyanarayana D. The changing roles of pharmacists in community pharmacies: perception of reality in India. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(6):612–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belachew SA, Muluneh NY, Erku DA, Netere AK. A cross sectional study on beliefs and roles of community pharmacy professionals in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome in an Ethiopian setting. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0244211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bello SI, Bello IK. Impacts of community pharmacists on self-medication management among rural dwellers. Nigeria: Kwara State Central; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bereznicki BJ, Peterson GM, Jackson SL, Walters H, Fitzmaurice K, Gee P, et al. Pharmacist-initiated general practitioner referral of patients with suboptimal asthma management. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30(6):869–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair M, Menon A. Community pharmacy use by children across Europe: a narrative literature review. Pharmacy (Basel). 2018;6(2):51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brink AJ, Messina AP, Feldman C, Richards GA, Becker PJ, Goff DA, et al. Antimicrobial stewardship across 47 South African hospitals: an implementation study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(9):1017–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brink AJ, Messina AP, Feldman C, Richards GA, van den Bergh D, Netcare Antimicrobial Stewardship Study Alliance. From guidelines to practice: a pharmacist-driven prospective audit and feedback improvement model for peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in 34 South African hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(4):1227–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bunting BA, Smith BH, Sutherland SE. The Asheville Project: clinical and economic outcomes of a community-based long-term medication therapy management program for hypertension and dyslipidemia. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008;48(1):23–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Creating community-clinical linkages between community pharmacists and physicians. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Using the pharmacists’ patient care process to manage high blood pressure: a resource guide for pharmacists. 2016. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/pubs/docs/pharmacist-resource-guide.pdf.

  • Corroon M, Kebede E, Spektor G, Speizer I. Key role of drug shops and pharmacies for family planning in urban Nigeria and Kenya. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(4):594–609.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Costa S, Santos C, Silveira J. Community pharmacy services in Portugal. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40(12):2228–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cranor CW, Bunting BA, Christensen DB. The Asheville Project: long-term clinical and economic outcomes of a community pharmacy diabetes care program. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2003;43(2):173–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. 1991. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6472456.pdf.

  • Eades CE, Ferguson JS, O’Carroll RE. Public health in community pharmacy: a systematic review of pharmacist and consumer views. J BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerton LM, Smith L, LeMay KS, Krass I, Saini B, Bosnic-Anticevich SZ, et al. Experiences of community pharmacists involved in the delivery of a specialist asthma service in Australia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1):1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erku DA, Mersha AG. Involvement of community pharmacists in public health priorities: a multi-center descriptive survey in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0180943.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Faculty of Public Health. What is public health? 2006. Available from: http://www.fph.org.uk/what_is_public_health.

  • Faculty of Public Health. Short headline definition of Healthcare Public Health. 2017. Available from: https://www.fph.org.uk/media/1879/hcph-definition-final.pdf.

  • Felicity S. Community pharmacy in Ghana: enhancing the contribution to primary health care. J Health Policy Planning. 2004;19(4):234–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FIP. About Primary Health Care. 2018. Available from: https://primaryhealthcare.fip.org/.

  • FIP Primary Health Care World Map. 2022. Available from: https://primaryhealthcare.fip.org/worldmap/

  • Gebresillassie BM, Howells K, Ashiru-Oredope D. Public Health Interventions Delivered by Pharmacy Professionals in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Africa: A Systematic Sco** Review. Pharmacy 2023;11:24. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010024

  • Gonsalves L, Wyss K, Gichangi P, Say L, Martin Hilber A. Regulating pharmacists as contraception providers: a qualitative study from coastal Kenya on injectable contraception provision to youth. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0226133.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gonsalves L, Wyss K, Gichangi P, Hilber AM. Pharmacists as youth-friendly service providers: documenting condom and emergency contraception dispensing in Kenya. Int J Public Health. 2020;65:487–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouda HN, Charlson F, Sorsdahl K, Ahmadzada S, Ferrari AJ, Erskine H, et al. Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(10):e1375–e87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grincevičienė Š, Kubilienė L, Ivanauskas K, Drąsutienė GS, Ramašauskaitė D, Grincevičius J, et al. Experiences of community pharmacists advising pregnant women. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37(4):636–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter DJ, Marks L, Smith K. The Public Health System in England: A Sco** Study. 2007. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/28964369.pdf.

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). FIP Statement of Policy the role of the pharmacist in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease, approved by FIP Council, Brazil. 2006. Available from: https://www.fip.org/file/4338.

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). FIP reference paper on the effective utilization of pharmacists in improving maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH). 2011a. Available from: https://www.fip.org/file/1416.

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). FIP congress 2011, an Online Supplement to the Pharmaceutical Journal. The pharmaceutical journal. 2011b.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Establishing tobacco-free communities: a practical guide for pharmacists. The Hague: International Pharmaceutical Federation; 2015. Available from: https://www.fip.org/files/fip/publications/2015-12-Establishing-tobacco-free-communities.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Beating non-communicable diseases in the community: the contribution of pharmacists. 2019. Available from: https://www.fip.org/files/content/publications/2019/beating-ncds-in-the-community-the-contribution-of-pharmacists.pdf.

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). FIP pharmacy education in subSaharan Africa. The Hague: International Pharmaceutical Federation; 2020. Available from: https://www.fip.org/fip-unesco-unitwin-programme

    Google Scholar 

  • International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Who we are: representing pharmacy, pharmaceutical sciences and pharmaceutical educators. (n.d.). Available from: https://www.fip.org/about.

  • Jackson JK, Sweidan M, Spinks JM, Snell B, Duncan GJ. Public health—recognising the role of Australian pharmacists. J Pharm Pract Res. 2004;34(4):290–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jahangard-Rafsanjani Z, Hakimzadeh N, Sarayani A, Najafi S, Heidari K, Javadi MR, et al. A community pharmacy-based cardiovascular risk screening service implemented in Iran. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017;15(2):919.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahabuka C, Kvåle G, Hinderaker SG. Care-seeking and management of common childhood illnesses in Tanzania–results from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58789.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaseje D, Juma P, Oindo M. Public health in Africa: what is new—the context, the gains, the losses, the renewed public health, and the way forward. J Kidney Int. 2005;68:S49–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitutu FE, Kalyango JN, Mayora C, Selling KE, Peterson S, Wamani H. Integrated community case management by drug sellers influences appropriate treatment of paediatric febrile illness in South Western Uganda: a quasi-experimental study. Malar J. 2017;16(1):1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruk ME, Myers M, Varpilah ST, Dahn BT. What is a resilient health system? Lessons from Ebola. Lancet. 2015;385(9980):1910–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwarteng A, Malm KL, Febir LG, Tawiah T, Adjei G, Nyame S, et al. The accuracy and perception of test-based management of malaria at private licensed chemical shops in the middle belt of Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;100(2):264.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lebetkin E, Orr T, Dzasi K, Keyes E, Shelus V, Mensah S, et al. Injectable contraceptive sales at licensed chemical seller shops in Ghana: access and reported use in rural and periurban communities. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2014;40(1):21–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leung HY, Saini B, Ritchie HE. Medications and pregnancy: the role of community pharmacists–a descriptive study. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0195101.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liambila W, Obare F, Keesbury J. Can private pharmacy providers offer comprehensive reproductive health services to users of emergency contraceptives? Evidence from Nairobi, Kenya. Patient Educ Couns. 2010;81(3):368–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowres N, Neubeck L, Salkeld G, Krass I, McLachlan AJ, Redfern J, et al. Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of stroke prevention through community screening for atrial fibrillation using iPhone ECG in pharmacies. Thromb Haemost. 2014;111(06):1167–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maloney K, Ward A, Krenz B, Petty N, Bryson L, Dolkart C, et al. Expanding access to parasite-based malaria diagnosis through retail drug shops in Tanzania: evidence from a randomized trial and implications for treatment. Malar J. 2017;16(1):1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marfo AF, Owusu-Daaku FT. Evaluation of a pharmacist-led hypertension preventative and detection service in the Ghanaian community pharmacy: an exploratory study. Int J Pharm Pract. 2016;24(5):341–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAlister FA, Majumdar SR, Padwal RS, Fradette M, Thompson A, Buck B, et al. Case management for blood pressure and lipid level control after minor stroke: PREVENTION randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2014;186(8):577–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mengistu G, Gietnet K, Amare F, Sisay M, Hagos B, Misganaw D. Self-reported and actual involvement of community pharmacy professionals in the management of childhood diarrhea: a cross-sectional and simulated patient study at two towns of Eastern Ethiopia. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2019;13:1179556519855380.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Messina AP, van den Bergh D, Goff DA. Antimicrobial stewardship with pharmacist intervention improves timeliness of antimicrobials across thirty-three hospitals in South Africa. Infect Dis Ther. 2015;4(1):5–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Michael D, Kezakubi D, Juma A, Todd J, Reyburn H, Renju J. The feasibility and acceptability of screening for hypertension in private drug retail outlets: a pilot study in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Int Health. 2016;8(5):360–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed SS-E, Mahmoud AA, Ali AA. Involvement of Sudanese community pharmacists in public health activities. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35(3):393–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed SS, Mahmoud AA, Ali AA. The role of Sudanese community pharmacists in patients’ self-care. Int J Clin Pharm. 2014;36(2):412–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mugo PM, Duncan S, Mwaniki SW, Thiong’o AN, Gichuru E, Okuku HS, et al. Cross-sectional survey of treatment practices for urethritis at pharmacies, private clinics and government health facilities in coastal Kenya: many missed opportunities for HIV prevention. Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89(7):583–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mugo PM, Prins HA, Wahome EW, Mwashigadi GM, Thiong’o AN, Gichuru E, et al. Engaging young adult clients of community pharmacies for HIV screening in Coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect. 2015;91(4):257–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelissen HE, Cremers AL, Okwor TJ, Kool S, van Leth F, Brewster L, et al. Pharmacy-based hypertension care employing mHealth in Lagos, Nigeria–a mixed methods feasibility study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nkengasong JN, Tessema SK. Africa needs a new public health order to tackle infectious disease threats. Cell. 2020;183(2):296–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • O’Loughlin J, Masson P, Déry V, Fagnan D. The role of community pharmacists in health education and disease prevention: a survey of their interests and needs in relation to cardiovascular disease. J Prev Med. 1999;28(3):324–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott M. The role of pharmacists in prenatal healthcare concerning obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. University of Mississippi; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrick OK, Joshua AK, Oluwafunmi A. Evaluation of community pharmacists’ involvement in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2011;3:107–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paudyal V, Fialová D, Henman MC, Hazen A, Okuyan B, Lutters M, et al. Pharmacists’ involvement in COVID-19 vaccination across Europe: a situational analysis of current practice and policy. Int J Clin Pharm. 2021;43:1139–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Periasamy U, Sidik SM, Rampal L, Fadhilah SI, Akhtari-Zavare M, Mahmud RJH, et al. Effect of chemotherapy counseling by pharmacists on quality of life and psychological outcomes of oncology patients in Malaysia: a randomized control trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson GM, Fitzmaurice KD, Kruup H, Jackson SL, Rasiah RL. Cardiovascular risk screening program in Australian community pharmacies. Pharm World Sci. 2010;32(3):373–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union. Community pharmacy, a public health hub: Annual Report. Brussels (Belgium). 2016. Available from: https://pgeu.eu/en/component/attachments/attachments.html?id=4293&task=download.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poyer S, Musuva A, Njoki N, Okara R, Cutherell A, Sievers D, et al. Fever case management at private health facilities and private pharmacies on the Kenyan coast: analysis of data from two rounds of client exit interviews and mystery client visits. Malar J. 2018;17(1):1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rampamba EM, Meyer JC, Helberg EA, Godman BJ. Empowering hypertensive patients in South Africa to improve their disease management: a pharmacist-led intervention. J Res Pharm Pract. 2019;8(4):208.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Royal Pharmaceutical Society. Professional Standards for Public Health Practice for Pharmacy. 2014. Available from: https://www.rpharms.com/Portals/0/RPS%20document%20library/Open%20access/Professional%20standards/Professional%20standards%20for%20public%20health/public-health-standards%2D%2D-appendix-1.pdf.

  • Rutta E, Tarimo A, Delmotte E, James I, Mwakisu S, Kasembe D, et al. Understanding private retail drug outlet dispenser knowledge and practices in tuberculosis care in Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(9):1108–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rychetnik L, Frommer M, Hawe P, Shiell A. Criteria for evaluating evidence on public health interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56(2):119–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel N, Einarson A. Medication management during pregnancy: role of the pharmacist. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33(6):882–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saramunee K, Krska J, Mackridge A, Richards J, Suttajit S, Phillips-Howard P. How to enhance public health service utilization in community pharmacy?: general public and health providers’ perspectives. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2014;10(2):272–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmiedel K, Schlager H, Dörje F. Preventive counselling for public health in pharmacies in South Germany. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35(1):138–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steeb DR, Ramaswamy R. Recognizing and engaging pharmacists in global public health in limited resource settings. J Glob Health. 2019;9(1):010318.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor J, Krska J, Mackridge A. A community pharmacy-based cardiovascular screening service: views of service users and the public. Int J Pharm Pract. 2012;20(5):277–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teka NT, Baye AM. Counseling practice of community pharmacists for diabetes mellitus patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesfaye ZT, Yismaw MB. Community’s extent of use and approval of extended pharmacy services in community pharmacies in Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0230863.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Walker R. Pharmaceutical public health: the end of pharmaceutical care. Pharm J. 2000;264(7085):340–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • White L, Klinner C, Carter S. Consumer perspectives of the Australian Home Medicines Review Program: benefits and barriers. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2012;8(1):4–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WHO. Primary health care. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/primary-health-care#tab=tab_1.

  • Wiedenmayer K, Summers RS, Mackie CA, Gous AG, Everard M, Tromp D, et al. Develo** pharmacy practice: a focus on patient care: handbook. World Health Organization; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Constitution of the WHO. 2006. Available from: https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf.

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Strengthening the inclusion of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child (RMNCH) health in concept notes to the Global Fund. World Health Organization; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Update from the Seventy-fourth World Health Assembly. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-05-2021-update-from-the-seventy-fourth-world-health-assembly-27-may-2021.

  • World Health Organization. Public Health Services. 2012. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Healthsystems/public-health-services/public-health-services.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

    Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie

  2. School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

    Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie

  3. School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Diane Ashiru-Oredope

Authors
  1. Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Diane Ashiru-Oredope
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Diane Ashiru-Oredope .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK

    Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

    Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Gebresillassie, B.M., Ashiru-Oredope, D. (2023). Pharmaceutical Public Health in Africa: The Contributions of Pharmacy Professionals to Public Health. In: Babar, ZUD. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64477-2_120

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64477-2_120

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64476-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64477-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation