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Biomechanics and Strategies of Digging

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Tuco-Tucos

Abstract

In arid and semiarid ecosystems, digging and burrowing are common behaviors in many mammals looking for shelter, food, thermoregulation, etc. Many rodents, as tuco-tucos, may use both the foreclaws and incisors – according to soil requirements – to accomplish that goal in an effective manner. Although digging represents a low fraction of the daily energy budget, it triggered some highly derived adaptations. Forelimbs in caviomorph scratch-diggers are characterized by highly robust humeri and ulnae, and well-developed bony superstructures. These mechanically advantageous traits have been already found during early ontogeny in Ctenomys –compensating the lower muscular development – and encompass the gradual improvement of digging and burrowing behaviors on those stages. This fact would provide enough time to reach a proper musculoskeletal and behavioral development, to deal with energetic and biomechanical demands. Gross head morphology, instead, has proven to conserve a rodent already-optimized bauplan among caviomorphs, by not showing a more mechanically advantageous masticatory apparatus in tuco-tucos. Their strong bite forces –which cover both tooth-digging and a wide range of social needs – would be a consequence of the hypertrophied and fiber types-wise specialized jaw adduct musculature. Despite corresponding soil reaction forces may injure animals’ skull or teeth, ctenomyid skull geometry, bone distribution, and incisors microstructure evolved to withstand the high stress and abrasion. Thus, yet inconclusively, animal’s performance can be fairly predicted based on biomechanics.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the editors for the invitation to contribute to this collective volume on Ctenomys evolution. This study was carried out under the support of the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (CONICET) (grants PIP 2014–2016 N° 11220130100375 and UE N°0073) and National University of Mar del Plata (grants EXA918/18 and ING516/18). We thank colleagues from various countries and laboratories for the friendly exchange of knowledge about an underground friend in common, the Tuco-Tuco.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo Morfología Funcional y Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, UNMDP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Aldo I. Vassallo, Federico Becerra, Alejandra I. Echeverría & Guido N. Buezas

  2. Grupo Histología e Histoquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, UNMDP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Alcira O. Díaz, M. Victoria Longo & Mariana Cohen

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  1. Aldo I. Vassallo
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Correspondence to Aldo I. Vassallo .

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  1. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas

  2. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Gislene Lopes Gonçalves

  3. Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Renan Maestri

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Vassallo, A.I. et al. (2021). Biomechanics and Strategies of Digging. In: Freitas, T.R.O.d., Gonçalves, G.L., Maestri, R. (eds) Tuco-Tucos. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61679-3_7

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