Abstract
Africa’s adaptation to climate change requires significant shifts from existing management systems for water and land resources for sustainability, achieving food security, and socioeconomic development. Research and development programs must focus on practical conjunctive water management systems for salty and freshwater resources, strengthen capacities of urban and rural communities to circumvent existing institutional constraints, and socioeconomic challenges and political conflict. Research on flood- and drought-prone climates must examine water resource management at river basin scales. Soil and water conservation efforts should focus on commercializing small-scale farming, reforestation, pasture revitalization, enhancement of soil fertility, management of erosion and sediment, and development of cost-effective technologies for floodwater harvesting, treatment, recharging of aquifers, and efficient irrigation. Research on cost-effective urban wastewater treatment systems that exceeds minimal effluent quality standards and wastewater recycling may produce practical solutions that reinforce freshwater and human nutrient cycles, reduce pollution, and mitigate water stresses. Food security programs must include cost-effective mechanization; post-harvest technology; intensified agronomy; breeding; distribution; extension; commercializing production systems; and marketing of drought, pest, and disease-tolerant exotic and indigenous crops (small grains and fruit trees), livestock, wildlife, and edible insects. Develo** cleaner renewable energy technologies for domestic power supply (substituting wood fuel), powering water pumps, and small-scale industries may improve the productivity and standard of life of rural and peri-urban communities. Collaboration of local and global researchers and manufacturers, designers, and testing institutions for appropriate technologies must lead to innovation and growth of small-scale industries, agriculture, creation of jobs and wealth, and improved water services.
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Vushe, A. (2021). Proposed Research, Science, Technology, and Innovation to Address Current and Future Challenges of Climate Change and Water Resource Management in Africa. In: Diop, S., Scheren, P., Niang, A. (eds) Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61225-2_21
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