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Continental Rifts

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

  • 209 Accesses

Synonyms

Graben; Taphrogen

Definition

A continental rift (Gregory 1894; Quennell 1982, 1985) is a fault-bounded elongate trough under or near which the entire thickness of the lithosphere (“Lithosphere, Continental” and “Lithosphere, Mechanical Properties”) has been reduced in extension during its formation. Just as old mountain ranges may no longer have any topographic expression because of tectonic and/or erosional events, some, especially old, rifts may no longer appear as troughs for the same reasons, but their original trough shape is recognized by their stratigraphically younger fills, or metamorphically lower grade of their down-dropped central blocks (“Sedimentary Basins”).

Introduction

Rifts form one of the three main categories of lithospheric-scale structures resulting from differential motion of parts of the lithosphere. Lithospheric shortening creates orogens, simple shear creates keirogens, and stretching creates taphrogens that are collections of rifts (Fig. 1)....

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  1. Faculty of Mines, Department of Geology and Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. M. Celâl Şengör

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  1. National Geophysical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India

    Harsh K. Gupta

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Şengör, A.M.C. (2021). Continental Rifts. In: Gupta, H.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58631-7_31

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