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Pancreas, Adrenal Glands, and Retroperitoneum

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Pediatric Ultrasound

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Abstract

The retroperitoneum is the anatomical space in the abdomen located behind the peritoneum. Structures that lie between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall that are not suspended by a mesentery are classified as retroperitoneal in location and include the pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, duodenum, portions of the colon, great vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatics. In this chapter, normal development and anatomy of the pancreas, adrenal glands, and retroperitoneum are discussed, as well as anatomic variants, congenital abnormalities, inflammatory, traumatic and neoplastic disorders.

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Abbreviations

ADPKD:

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ANCs:

Acute necrotic collections

APFCs:

Acute peripancreatic fluid collections

CAH:

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

CEUS:

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound

CFTR:

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

COG:

Children’s Oncology Group

CT:

Computed tomography

DOPA:

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

DOTA:

Dodecanetetraacetic acid

EBV-SMTs:

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors

ECMO:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

ERCP:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

F:

Fluoro

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IEP:

Interstitial edematous pancreatitis

INRG:

International Neuroblastoma Risk Group

INRGSS:

International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System

IVC:

Inferior vena cava

KHE:

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma

MEN1:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

MHz:

Megahertz

MIBG:

Metaiodobenzylguanidine

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRCP:

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PNET:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

SEER:

National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computerized tomography

VHL:

Von Hippel-Lindau

WON:

Walled-off necrosis

XGP:

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Anastasia L. Hryhorczuk

  2. Division of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Harriet J. Paltiel

Authors
  1. Anastasia L. Hryhorczuk
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  2. Harriet J. Paltiel
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Correspondence to Anastasia L. Hryhorczuk .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Harriet J. Paltiel

  2. Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Y. Lee

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Hryhorczuk, A.L., Paltiel, H.J. (2021). Pancreas, Adrenal Glands, and Retroperitoneum. In: Paltiel, H.J., Lee, E.Y. (eds) Pediatric Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56802-3_14

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