Fungal Diseases of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera): Etiology and Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Etiology and Integrated Management of Economically Important Fungal Diseases of Ornamental Palms

Part of the book series: Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection ((SUPP,volume 16))

Abstract

The Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), is one of the oldest and ancient crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that more than 100 million date palm trees are scattered over the area of 1.3 million hectares world over. Although Date palm is mostly cultivated for fruit, it is also grown in many countries as an ornamental plant or as a landscape tree. This palm is subjected to the attack of many fungal diseases, which not only reduce the date fruit yield but also deteriorate their quality, and the plantation as well. In some cases the diseases are more destructive, which may lead to the death of the plant. In this chapter we discuss briefly major fungal diseases of Date palm, their etiology, symptoms and management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbas, E. H., & Abdulla, A. S. (2003). First report of neck bending disease on date palm in Qatar. Plant Pathology, 52, 790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdalla, M. Y., Al-Rokibah, A., Moretti, A., & Mulé, G. (2000). Pathogenicity of toxigenic Fusarium proliferatum from date palm in Saudi Arabia. Plant Disease, 84(3), 321–324.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Megid, M. K., & Gafar, K. (1966). Diplodia leaf, stalk and offshoot disease of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. Journal of Microbiology, 1, 201–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdelmonem, A. M., & Rasmy, M. R. (2007). Major diseases of date palm and their control. Communication Institute for Biochemistry, 23, 9–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdullah, S. K., Asensio, L., Monfort, E., Gomez-Vidal, S., Palma-Guerrero, J., Salinas, J., et al. (2005). Occurrence in Elx, SE Spain of inflorescence rot disease of date palms caused by Mauginiella scaettae. Journal of Phytopathology, 153, 417–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdullah, S. K., Al Saadoon, A. H., & Al Issa, A. H. (2006). Further biological study on Mauginiella scaettae, the pathogen of inflorescence rot disease of date palm. In Proceedings of the XII congress of the mediterranean phytopathological union (pp. 11–15).

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu Yaman, I. K., & Abu Blam, H. A. (1971). Major diseases of cultivated crops in the central province of Saudia Arabia. Diseases Fruit Trees, 78, 607–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abul-Soad, A. A. (2011). Micropropagation of date palm using inflorescence explants. In Date palm biotechnology (pp. 91–117). Dordrecht, NL: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Abul-Soad, A. A., Maitlo, W. A., Markhand, G. S., & Mahdi, S. M. (2011). Date palm wilt disease (sudden decline syndrome) in Pakistan, symptoms and remedy. The Blessed Tree, 38–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adisa, V. A., & Obinyereokwu, O. A. (1998). Studies on the latent infection of Botryodiplodia theobromae pat. On Citrus sinensis (li.) Osbeck fruit. Mycopathologia, 102, 165–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Saadoon, A. H., Abdullah, S. K., & Al Issa, A. H. (2004). Extracellular enzymatic activity of Mauginiella scaettae Cav., the causal pathogen of inflorescence rot disease of date palm. Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research, 3, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Yaseri, I. I., Ismail, A. Z., & Mohammed, A. A. (2006) .A preliminary study on spread of date palm pests in Iraq. In Proceeding of Ninth Arab Congress of Plant Protection, 19–23 November, Damascus, Syria (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Adawi, A. O., Deadman, M. L., Al-Rawahi, A. K., Khan, A. J., & Al-Maqbali, Y. M. (2003). Diplodia theobromae associated with sudden decline of mango in the Sultanate of Oman. Plant Pathology, 52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ani, H. Y., El-Behadli, A., Majeed, H. A., & Majeed, M. (1971). Reaction of date-palm cultivars to inflorescence rot and persistency and spreading of the disease. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Hooti, S., Sidhu, J., & Quabazard, H. (1995). Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of date fruits of five UAE cultivars at different stages of maturity. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 13, 553–569.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Naemi, F. A., Nishad, R., Ahmed, T. A., & Radwan, O. (2014). First report of Thielaviopsis punctulata causing black scorch disease on date palm in Qatar. Plant Disease, 98(10), 1437–1437.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Raisi, Y. M., B’Chir, M. M., Al-Mandhari, A. M., Deadman, M. L., & Gowen, S. R. (2011). First report of Ceratocystis radicicola associated with date palm disease in Oman. New Disease Report, 23, 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Roubaie, J. T., Hama, N. N., & Al-Hassan, K. K. (1987). Studies on spread of inflorescence rot and susceptibility of some male palm cultivars to the disease. Majalat Al-buhu: t Al-zira: 3iyyat wa-Al-mawa: rid Al-ma:’iyyat. Al-‘inta: j Al-naba: tiy (Iraq).

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sadi, A. M., Al-Jabri, A. H., Al-Mazroui, S. S., & Al-Mahmooli, I. H. (2012). Characterization and pathogenicity of fungi and oomycetes associated with root diseases of date palms in Oman. Crop Protection, 37, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sakran, M. S., & Muneer, S. E. (2006). Adoption of date palm tissue culture technology among date palm producers in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Research Bulletin, 145, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shahib, W., & Marshal, R. J. (2003). The fruit of the date palm: Its possible use as the best food for the future. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 54, 247–259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sharidi, A. M., & Al-Shahwan, I. M. (2003). Fungi associated with rot diseases of inflorescence and fruit of date palm in Riyadh region. Saudi Arabia - Journal of Plant Protection, 21, 84–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aly, A. Z., Tohamy, M. R. A., Kamhawy, M. A. M., & Hassan, E. A. M. (2004). Histopathological studies on infected mango rootstocks with some soil-borne pathogens. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 31, 2169–2185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amir, H., & Sabaou, N. (1983). Le palmier dattier et la fusariose. XII - Antagonisme dans le sol de deux actinomycétes vis-à-vis de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis responsable du Bayoud. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord. Alger., 13, 47e60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammar, M. I. F. (1998). Studies on die-back disease of grape trees. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 101 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arafat, K. H. (2011). Studies on fungal root diseases of date palm and its control. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculties of Agriculture Suez Canal University, 157 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arfaoui, A., El Hadrami, A., Mabrouk, Y., Sifi, B., Boudabous, A., El Hadrami, I., et al. (2007). Treatment of chickpea with Rhizobium isolates enhances the expression of phenylpropanoid defense-related genes in response to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45, 470–479.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baiuomy, M. A. M., Kamhawy, A. M., El-Shemy, H. A., & Mustafa, Z. M. M. (2003). Root-rot of guava and its control in Egypt. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research (Egypt).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, F. M., Abdel Salam, A. M., , Abada, K. A. A., & Korra, A. K. M. (1990). Pathogenicity of fungi associated with die-back of peach and some pome and stone fruit trees. In Proceedings of Sixth Congress Phytopathology, March 5–7, 1990, Cairo (Egypt) (pp. 311–323).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barreveld, W. H. (1993). Date palm products. Agric. Serv. Bull. No. 101. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrow, S. (1998). A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bulletin, 53, 513–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bashah, M. A. (1999). Propagation of date palm trees in Saudi Arabia. Agriculture Magazine, 30, 24–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benbadis, A. K. (1992). Coconut and date palm. In F. A. Hammerschlag & R. E. Litz (Eds.), Biotechnology of perennial fruit crops (pp. 383–400). Wallingford: CAB International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benítez, T., Rincón, A. M., Limón, M. C., & Codon, A. C. (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology, 7, 249–260.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bester, W., Crous, P. W., & Fourie, P. H. (2007). Evaluation of fungicides as potential grapevine pruning wound protectants against Botryosphaeria species. Australasian Plant Pathology, 36, 73–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biglari, F., AlKarkhi, A. F., & Easa, A. M. (2008). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chemistry, 107, 1636–1641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boumedjout, H. (2010). Morocco markets Bayoud-resistant strains of date palm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bounaga, N. (1975). The date palm and fusariosis V. Comparative study of the germination of microconidia and macroconidia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Killian & Maire) Gordon. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord, 66(3/4), 39–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. G., & Butler, K. D. (1938). Inflorescence blight of the date palm. Journal of Agricultural Research, 57, 313–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. K., & Perkins, R. M. (1969). Experiments with aircraft methods for pollinating dates. Date Growers Institute, 46, 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brun, J., & Laville, E. (1965). Observations sur un dépérissement de la couronne foliaire et du bourgeon terminal du palmier-dattier en République Islamique de Mauritanie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulit, J., Bouhot, D., Louvet, J., & Toutain, G. (1967). Fusarium wilt research. I. Work on the vascular Fusarium wilt of the date palm in North Africa. Annals of Epiphytotic, 18, 213–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calcat, A. (1959a). Diseases and pests of date palm in the Sahara and North Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 11, 287–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calcat, A. (1959b). Diseases and pests of date palm in the Sahara and North Africa. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 8, 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. P., & Elmer, H. S (1978). Pests and diseases of date palm. In Agriculture Handbook 523, USDA, 42 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavara, F. (1925). Mauginiella scaettae Cav., nuovo ifomicete parassita della palma da datteri in Cirenacia. Bolettino Orto Botanico Napoli, 8, 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakroune, K., Bouakka, M., Lahlali, R. & Hakkou, A., (2008). Suppressive effect of mature compost of date palm by-products on Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis. Plant Pathology Journal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty, R., Acharya, G. C., & Sarma, T. C. (2013). Effect of fungicides, Trichoderma and plant extracts on mycelial growth of Thielaviopsis paradoxa, under in vitro condition. Bioscan, 8, 55–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, C. T., & Krueger, R. R. (2007). The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. HortScience, 42(5), 1077–1082.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, A. R., & Broschat, T. K. (1991). Diseases and disorders of ornamental palms. APS press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chérif, M., Sadfi, N., Benhamou, N., Boudabbous, A., Boubaker, A., Hajlaoui, M. R., & Tirilly, Y. (2002). Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of in vitro interactions of the antagonistic bacteria Bacillus cereus X16 and B. thuringiensis 55T with Fusarium roseum var. sambucinum. Journal of Plant Pathology, 83–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Compant, S., Duffy, B., Nowak, J., Clément, C., & Barka, E. A. (2005). Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: Principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 4951–4959.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Correia, M. S., & Costa, J. L. S. (2005). Dispersão anemófila do fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae em plantações de coqueiro. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 30, 150–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Da Silva, P. A. V., Martins, R. B., Michereff, S. J., Da Silva, M. B., & Câmara, M. P. S. (2012). Sensitivity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from Brazilian papaya orchards to MBC and DMI fungicides. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 132, 489–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darley, E. F., & Wilbur, W. D. (1955). Results of experiments on control of fruit spoilage of Deglet Noor and Saidy dates in California, 1935–1954. Date Growers’ Inst. Rep., 32, 14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darvas, J. M., & Kotze, J. M. (1987). Fungi associated with pre and post harvest diseases of avocado fruit at west falia estate, South Africa. Phytophylactica, 19, 83–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Beer, Z. W., Duong, T. A., Barnes, I., Wingfield, B. D., & Wingfield, M. J. (2014). Redefining Ceratocystis and allied genera. Studies in Mycology, 79, 187–219.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De La Perrière, R. A. B., & Benkhalifa, A. (1991). Progression of Fusarium wilt of the date palm in Algeria. Drought, 2, 119–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dev, N., & Dawande, A. Y. (2010). Biocontrol of soil borne plant pathogen Rhiozoctonia solani using Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources, 1, 39–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi, M. (1982). Bayoud disease in North Africa: History, distribution, diagnosis and control. Date Palm Journal, 1(2), 153–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi, M. (1983). Diseases of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) (Regional project for palm and dates research Centre in near East and North Africa). Baghdad: FAO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi, M. (1988). Les maladies du palmier dattier. Projet régional de lutte contre le bayoud (p. 127).FAO (Rab/84/018), Alger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi, M., El Ghorfi, A., & El Idrissi, A. M. A. (1985). Study of the behavior of Lawsonia inermis henna and Medicago sativa alfalfa and some palmaceous species towards Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, causative agent of bayoud. National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia, 58, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubost, D., & Kellou, R. (1974). Organisation de la recherche et de la lutte contre le bayoud en Algérie. Bulletin d’Agronomie Saharienne, 1, 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi, M., Aouada, L., Filali, H.,Saaidi, M, Chtioui, A., Sedra, M. H., et al. (1986). Preliminary results of selection of high quality bayoudh resistant clones among natural date Palm population in Morocco. In Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the date palm, 3–6 March 1986, Saudia Arabia (pp. 383–399).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubost, D., Kechacha, L., & Rether, B. (1970). Study of pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes of a monospore strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Al-Awamia, 35, 195–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J., Pascoe, I. G., Salib, S., & Laukart, N. (2004). Hot treatment of grapevine cuttings reduces incidence of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in young vines. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 43, 158–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erskine, W., Moustafa, A. T., Osman, A. E., Lashine, Z., Nejatian, A., Badawi, T. & Ragy, S. M. (2005). Date palm in the GCC countries of the Arabian Peninsular. Available at: http://www.icarda.org/aprp/datepalm/%20introduction/intro-body.htm. Accessed October 2011.

  • El Deeb, H. M., Lashin, S. M., & Arab, Y. A. (2007). Distribution and pathogenesis of date palm fungi in Egypt. Acta Horticulturae, 736, 421–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Gariani, N. K., El Rayani, A. M., & Edongali, E. A. (2007). Distribution of phytopathogenic fungi on the coastal region of Libya and their relationships with date cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 736, 449–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadrami, A., Adam, L. R., & Daayf, F. (2011). Biocontrol treatments confer protection against Verticillium dahliae infection of potato by inducing antimicrobial metabolites. MPMI, 24(3), 328–335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Hassni, M., J’aiti, F., Dihazi, A., Ait Barka, E., Daayf, F., & El Hadrami, I. (2004). Enhancement of defence responses against Bayoud disease by treatment of date palm seedlings with an hypoaggressive Fusarium oxysporum isolate. Journal of Phytopathology, 152, 182–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Behadili, A. H., Mawlood, K. A., & Diwan, M. M. (1977). A new pathogen-causing inflorescence rot of date palm in Iraq. In 4th Iraqi Biol. Soc. Conf. Baghdad.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Juhany, L. I. (2010). Degradation of date palm trees and date production in Arab countries: Causes and potential rehabilitation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(8), 3998–4010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, M. L. (2006). Thielaviopsis trunk rot of palm. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agric. Science, Fact Sheet. PP-219.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Modafar, C. (2010). Mechanisms of date palm resistance to Bayoud disease: Current state of knowledge and research prospects. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 74, 287–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Morsi, M. A. (2004). Studies on certain fungal diseases of date palm offshoots in New Valley, Egypt. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gariani, N. K., Nuesery, S. M., & Edongali, E. A. (1994). Disease and pest outbreaks. Libya. Black scorch disease of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Libya. Arab and near east plant protection newsletter 19. In Genetic engineering (Vol. 18, pp. 471–492). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaemi, A., Rahimi, A., & Banihashemi, Z. (2011). Effects of water stress and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycoperseci on growth (leaf area, plant height, shoot dry matter) and shoot nitrogen content of tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. Iran Agricultural Research, 29, 51–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goor, A. (1967). The history of the date through the ages in the Holy Land. Journal of Economic and Botany, 21, 320–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurevich, V., Lavi, U., & Cohen, Y. (2005). Genetic variation in date palms propagated from offshoots and tissue culture. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 130, 46–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halleen, F., Fourie, P. H., & Crous, P. W. (2007). Control of black foot disease in grapevine nurseries. Plant Pathology, 56, 637–645.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harman, G. E. (2000). Myths and dogmas of biocontrol changes in perceptions derived from research on Trichoderma harzianum T-22. Plant Disease, 84, 377–393.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harman, G. E. (2006). Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 96, 190–194.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, F. (1958). Occurrence of date palm inflorescence rot in Iraq. Plant Disease Report, 42, 555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaiti, F., Meddich, A., & El Hadrami, I. (2007). Effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the protection of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) against bayoud disease. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 71(4–6), 166–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kada, A., & Dubost, D. (1975). Le Bayoud in Ghardaia. Bulletin d’Agronomie Saharienne, 1(03), 29–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamhawy, M. A. M., Hassan, M. E., Sharkawy, S. A., & El-Badawy, N. F. (2011). Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of Pestalotiopsis in relation to host association. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killian, C., & Mayor, R. (1930). Bayoud, flagstone disease. Bulletin de la Société d´Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord, 21, 89–101. (Abstr. Rev. Appl. Mycol. 10, 99-100).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klotz, L. J., & Fawcett, H. S. (1932). Black scorch of the date palm caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa. Journal of Agricultural Research, 44, 155–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kommedahl, T., Christensen, J. J., & Frederiksen, R. A. (1970). A half century of research in Minnesota on flax wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latham, A. J., & Dozier, W. A. (1989). 1st report of an apple root-rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae in the United States. Plant Disease, 73, 1020–1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurence, M., Burgess, L., Summerell, B., & Liew, E. (2012). High levels of diversity in Fusarium oxysporum from non-cultivated ecosystems in Australia. Fungal Biology, 116, 289–297.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laville, E. (1966). Le palmier dattier en Iraq. (Agronomier et Commerce). Fruits, 21, 211–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Louvet, J., & Bulit, J. (1978). Some observations about Fusarium wilt of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In Pathological wilting of plants (pp. 499–506). Chennai: University of Madras.

    Google Scholar 

  • Louvet, J., Bulit, J., Toutain, G., & Rieuf, P. (1970). Bayoud, fusarium wilt of the date palm, symptoms and nature of the disease, means of control. Al-Awamia, 35, 161–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maire, R. (1935). La défense des palmeraies contre le Bayoud et le Belaat (pp. 82–93). In Comp. Rend. Gén., Journées Dattier, 13-17 Novembre 1933, Biskra-Touggourt, Algérie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malençon, G. (1934). New observations concerning the etiology of Bayoud. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 196, 1259–1262. (Abstr. Rev. Appl. Mycol. 13: 505).

    Google Scholar 

  • Malençon, G. (1947). Study mission in the terrestrial oases of Ain-Sefra and the Tidikelt annex concerning a date palm disease. National Institute of Agronomic Research of Alger, 3, 139–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malençon. G. (1950a). La diffusion et l’épidémiologie de la maladie fusarienne du palmier dattier en Afrique du Nord. Revue Mycol. Suppl. Colon, 15, 45–60, Abstr. Rev. Appl. Mycol, 30, 154–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malençon, G. (1950b). Le Bayoud, maladie fusarienne du palmier dattier en Afrique du Nord. Fruits d’Outre-mer, 5, 279–289, Abstr. Rev. Applied Mycolgy, 30, 155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansoori, B., & Kord, M. H. (2006). Yellow death: A disease of date palm in Iran caused by Fusarium solani. Journal of Phytopathology, 154, 125–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslouhy, A. (1989). Contributiona l’étude in vitro et in situ des antagonistes de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, agent causal du Bayoud (p. 98). These de troisieme cycle, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbenoun, M., Momo, Z. E. H., Samuels, G., Nsouga, A. F., & Nyasse, S. (2008). Dieback due to Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a new constraint to cocoa production in Cameroon. Plant Pathology, 57, 381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Megateli, M., & Berdja, R. (2015). Bayoud disease of date palm in Algeria: History, epidemiology and integrated disease management. African Journal of Biotechnology, 14(7), 542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercier, S., & Louvet, J. (1973). Research on Fusarium wilt. X - Fusarium wilt of canary palm. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 5, 203–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercier, J., & Manker, D. C. (2005). Biocontrol of soil-borne diseases and plant growth enhancement in greenhouse soilless mix by the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus. Crop Protection, 24, 355–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, I. F., & Sabet, K. A. (1970). Biology and control of Mauginiella scaettae Cav., the pathogen of khamedj disease in the united Arab Republic. Reports of Date Growers Institute, 47, 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monciero, A. (1947). Étude comparée sommaire des différents types de culture du palmier-dattier en Algérie. Fruits, 2, 374–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munier, P. (1955). Le palmier en Mauritanie. Annals Institute Fruits et Agrumes Coloniaux, 12, 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, S. (2005, Sept). Stem Bleeding of Coconut Palm. Plant Disease, PD-30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, R. W. (1954). Date culture in Saudia Arabia. Annals of Date Growers Institute, 31, 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, R. W., & Carpenter, J. B. (1978). Growing dates in the United States. United States Dept of Agric. Bull. no. 207, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oihabi, A. (1991 Maroc). Etude de l’influence des mycorhizes à vésicules et arbuscules sur le Bayoud et la nutrition du palmier dattier (p. 110). Doctorat d’Etat, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia-Marrakech.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oihabi, A., Hatimi, A. & Amir, H. (1992). Etude de la réceptivité au Bayoud de deux sols de palmeraies marocaines. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omar, M. S., Hameed, M. K., & Al-Rawi, M. S. (1992). Micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ooka, J. J. (1975). Proceedings of American Phytopathological Society, 2, 88. (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouhdouch, Y., Boussaid, A., & Finance, C. (1996). Akitasatosporia strain with non-polyenic activity against the agent of date palm vascular wilt. Actinomyetes, 7, 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereau-Leroy, P. (1958). The date palm in Morocco. Applied Mycology, 40, 236. (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, R. M., & Burkner, P. H. (1973). Mechanical pollination of date palms. Date Growers’ Institute, 50, 4–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Punithalingam, E. (1980). Plant diseases attributed to Botryodiplodia theo bromae Pat. J. Cramer, Vaduz. Bibliotheca Mycologica, 71, 1–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashed, M. F. & Abdel Hafeez, N. E. (2001, March). Decline of date palm trees in Egypt. In 2nd International Conference on Date Palm (pp. 25–27).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rattan, S. S., & Al-Dboon, A. H. (1980). Notes on fungi associated with date-palm. Sydowia, 33, 246–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojo, F. G., Reynoso, M. M., Ferez, M., Chulze, S. N., & Torres, A. M. (2007). Biological control by Trichoderma species of Fusarium solani causing peanut brown root rot under field conditions. Crop Protection, 26, 549–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saaidi, M. (1979). Contribution to the fight against bayoud, vascular fusarium wilt of the date palm. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dijon, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saaidi, M. (1992). Field behaviour of 32 date palm cultivars towards bayoud: A 25 years survey. Agronomie (France), 12, 359–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabaou, N., Amir, H., & Bounaga, D. (1980). Le palmier dattier et la fusariose. X. Dénombrement des actinomycètes de la rhizosphère, leur antagonism vis-à- vis du Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 12, 253e7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha, A., Mandal, P., Dasgupta, S., & Saha, D. (2008). Influence of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and sporulation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (pat.) griffon and Maubl. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29, 407.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saleh, A. A., El-Komy, M. H., Eranthodi, A., Hamoud, A. S., & Molan, Y. Y. (2015). Variation in a molecular marker for resistance of Saudi date palm germplasm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud disease. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143, 507–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0703-y.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, V., Rebolledo, O., Picaso, R. M., Cardenas, E., Cordova, J., Gonzalez, O., & Samuels, G. J. (2007). In vitro antagonism of Thielaviopsis paradoxa by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Mycopathologia, 163, 49–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarhan, A. R. T. (2001). March. A study on the fungi causing decline of date palm trees in middle of Iraq. In Second international conference on date palms (pp. 25–27).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saudi Aramco World. (1962). Oasis Fruit. Saudi Aramco World, 13(3), 18–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawaya, W. N., Khatchadourian, H. A., Khalil, J. K., Safi, W. M., & Alshalhat, A. (1982). Growth and compositional changes during the various developmental stages of some Saudi Arabian date cultivars. Journal of Food Science, 47, 1489–1493.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroers, H. J. (2001). A monograph of Bionectria (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its Clonostachys anamorphs. Studies in Mycology, 46, 1–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroers, H. J., Samuels, G. J., Seifert, K. A., & Gams, W. (1999). Classification of the mycoparasite Gliocladium roseum in Clonostachys as C. rosea, its relationship to Bionectria ochroleuca, and notes on other Gliocladium-like fungi. Mycologia, 91, 365–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (1995). Sorting of a collection of date palm genotypes for resistance to bayoud caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Al Awamia, 90, 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (1999). Report of international expert consultation in Mauritania. Bayoud disease status, cultivation, development and project proposal for the protection and development of research in Mauritania. FADES / FAO Project: UFT / MAU / 025 / MAU, Oct. - Nov. 1999. Technical assistance for date palm protection in Adrar State.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2001). Descriptors of the date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.). Marrakech: Imprimerie Al Watania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2002). Report of international expert consultation in Mauritania. FADES / FAO Project: UFT / MAU / 025 / MAU, 6 Nov – 4 Jan 2002. Technical assistance for date palm protection in Adrar State.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2003a). Date palm cultivation, characterization and classification of main Mauritanian varieties. Al-Khartoum: Edit AOAD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2003b). The bayoud of the date palm in North Africa. FAO, RNE / SNEA-Tunis. Tunis: Imprimerie Signes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2006a). Bayoud disease on palm date (Phoenix dactylifera L.): its appearance, losses, spread, development conditions, diagnosis and control methods, achievements, prospects and practical recommendations. Regional Project research for early detection of bayoud disease on date palm and development of its control technologies. AOAD / Imprimerie Al-Watania, Al-Khartoum / Marrakech.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2006b). Final report of international expert consultation in Mauritania. Project: FAO / UFT / MAU / 025 / MAU technical assistance for date palm protection in Adrar State, 27 Aug – 17 Sept., 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2008a). Pathogenic and molecular characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedenis strains, causal agent of the bayoud disease of date palm. In Proceedings of the. 10th international fusarium workshop and fusarium genomics workshop. Alghero, Sardinia, 30 Aug – 2 Sept., 2008 (Vol. 15).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2008b). Antagonistic activity of some microorganisms isolated from suppressive soil and possibility of their use to control bayoud disease of date palm and other wilt diseases. In Proceedings of the 10th international fusarium workshop and fusarium genomics workshop 2008, Alghero, Sardinia (Italy), 30 Aug – 2 Sept, 2008 (Vol. 20).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2012). The guide of the phoenix farmer: Establishment and management of phoenicultural orchards. Rabat: Edition INRA Maroc, Nadacomdh Printing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2013). The guide of the phoenix farmer: Establishment and management of phoenicultural orchards. Rabat: Edition INRA Maroc, Nadacomdh Printing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H. (2015). Date palm status and perspective in Morocco. In S. M. Al-Khayri, J. M. Jain, & D. V. Johnson (Eds.), Date palm genetic resources, cultivar assessment, cultivation practices and novel products. Volume 1: Africa and the Americas (pp. 257–223). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H., & Djerbi, M. (1985). Development of an in vitro identification method for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, causative agent of bayoud. Annals of National Institute of Agricultural Research Tunisia, 58, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedra, M. H., Djerbi, M. (1986). Comparative study of morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of two Fusarium oxysporum causing respectively the vascular wilt disease of date palm (Bayoud) and Canary Island palm. In Proceedings of the second symposium on the date palm in Saudi Arabia (pp. 359–365).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabani, F., & Kumar, L. (2013). Risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in areas suitable for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivation under various climate change projections. PLoS One, 8, 483–404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shabani, F., Kumar, L., & Esmaeili, A. (2014). Future distributions of Fusarium oxysporum f. spp. in European, middle eastern and north African agricultural regions under climate change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 197, 96–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, L. L., Mihail, J. D. Rush C. M. (1992). Methods for research on soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. The American Phytopathological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, M. K., Singh, R., & Jeyarajan, R. (1970). Graphiola leaf spot on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) susceptibility of date varieties effect on chlorophyll content. Plant Disease, 54, 617–619.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souna, F., Chafi, A., Chakroune, K., Himri, I., Bouakka, M., & Hakkou, A. (2010). Effect of mycorhization and compost on the growth and the protection of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) against Bayoud disease. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 4(2), 260–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soytong, K., Pongak, W., & Kasiolarn, H. (2005). Biological control of Thielaviopsis bud rot of Hyophorbe lagenicaulis in the field. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 1, 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stover, R. H. (1970). In T. A. Toussoun, R. V. Bega, & P. E. Nelson (Eds.), Root diseases and soil-borne pathogens (pp. 197–200). Berkeley: Univ. California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudhersan, C., & Abo El-Nil, M. (1999). Occurrence of hermaphroditism in the male date palm. Palms, 43(18–19), 48–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suleman, P., Al-Musallam, A., & Menezes, C. A. (2001). The effect of solute potential and water stress on black scorch caused by Chalara paradoxa and Chalara radicicola on date palms. Plant Disease, 85, 80–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, R., Viljoen, A., Myburg, A. A., & Van Den Berg, N. (2013). Pathogenicity associated genes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4. South African Journal of Science, 109, 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tengberg, M. (2012). Beginnings and early history of date palm garden cultivation in the Middle East. Journal of Arid Environments, 86, 139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tisserat, B. (1984). Date palm. In W. R. Sharp, D. A. Evans, P. V. Ammirato, & Y. Yamada (Eds.), Handbook of plant cell culture (Vol. 2, pp. 505–545). New York: Macmillan Publ. Comp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, G. (1965). Note on the epidemiology of Bayoud in North Africa. Al-Awamia, 15, 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, G. (1967). Le palmier dattier, culture et production. Al Awamia, 25, 23–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, G. (1970). Observations on the progress of an active Bayoud outbreak in a regular date palm plantation. Al Awamia, 35, 155–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, G. (1972). Progression of Bayoud in palm groves established on dirty land. Al-Awamia, 42, 65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, G., & Louvet, J. (1972). Resistance to Bayoud in varieties of date palm. First International Seminar and Workshop on Bayoud, Algiers, October 1972. I.T.A.S. Alger (pp. 208–210).

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, G., & Louvet, J. (1974). Fight against the Bayoud. IV. Orientations of the fight in Morocco. Al-Awamia, 53, 114–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H. L., Chen, P. H., Ni, H. F., & Chen, R. S. (2007). Physiological characterization and screen of control chemicals for Lasiodiplodia theobromae of papaya. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 16, 71–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weindling, R. (1932). Trichoderma lignorum as a parasite of other soil fungi. Phytopathology, 22, 837–845.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whipps, J. M., & Lumsden, R. D. (2001). Commercial use of fungi as plant disease biological control agents: Status and prospects. In Fungal biocontrol agents: Progress, problems and potential world (2nd ed., pp. 9–22). Oxford: Clarendon.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yourman, L. F., & Jeffers, S. N. (1999). Resistance to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides in greenhouse isolates of Botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, 83, 569–575.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaid, A., & de Wet, P. F. (2002). Date palm propagation. In A. Zaid (Ed.), Date palm cultivation (Food and agriculture organization plant production and protection paper no. 156) (pp. 73–105). Rome: FAO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaid, A., de Wet, P. F., Djerbi, M., & Oihabi, A. (2002). Diseases and pests of date palm. In A. Zaid (Ed.), Date palm cultivation (Food and agriculture organization plant production and protection paper n. 156) (pp. 227–281). Rome: FAO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, D., & Hopf, M. (1993). Date palm Phoenix dactylifera. In Domestication of plants in the old world. Clarendon: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, D., & Hopf, M. (2000). Domestication of plants in the old world: The origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley. Oxon: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Haq, I.U., Khan, N.A. (2020). Fungal Diseases of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera): Etiology and Management. In: Ul Haq, I., Ijaz, S. (eds) Etiology and Integrated Management of Economically Important Fungal Diseases of Ornamental Palms. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56330-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation