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River Pollution and Perturbation: Perspectives and Processes

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Riverine Ecology Volume 2

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Abstract

Most precious resource of the world is the freshwater (3% of the total water on this planet). Most of the inland water bodies of the world with their freshwater resources are under threats of both point and non-point pollution, making the supply of clean water all most impossible to human being alongside causing the depletion of valuable aquatic biodiversity wealth of the nature. Such alarming ecological onslaught on river ecosystem in general and the biodiversity of river system in particular have attracted worldwide governmental support, and the supports of the United Nations Environmental Programs (UNEP), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Rivers representing much cherished natural landscape in this world, perform countless vital functions towards the benefits of both societal and ecosystem, which include different human purposes such as water consumption for drinking, health maintenance, sanitation, agricultural, navigational, industrial alongside serving different aesthetic, cultural, spiritual, and recreational fulfillment. Throughout the length and breadth of the world, human-induced alteration of the structure and function of freshwater riverine ecosystem leading to large-scale eco-degradation has resulted in sustained deterioration of river health. Such long-term continuous abuse has reduced the ability of a river and other associated natural aquatic subsystems such as flood plains, wetlands, swamps, streams etc. to deliver ecological services and natural bioproducts.

In view of the above, the present chapter starting with defining and elaborating the concepts of different terminologies pertaining to pollution of rivers has discussed on the causes and consequences of several mode of pollutions in the riverine flows in the global context citing examples of Indian perspectives. Besides, major threats on river system such as climate change, eutrophication, pollution from different agricultural wastes, etc. have been discussed citing suitable case studies. The ecological perturbations resulting from the effects of all such pollutions have also been taken care of in the context of a country, India having vast networks of freshwater rivers and their associates inland water bodies.

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    Susanta Kumar Chakraborty

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Chakraborty, S.K. (2021). River Pollution and Perturbation: Perspectives and Processes. In: Riverine Ecology Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53941-2_5

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