Foreword II: Convergence and Synthesis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Spatial Synthesis

Part of the book series: Human Dynamics in Smart Cities ((HDSC))

Abstract

In their book Convergence of Knowledge, Technology, and Society Roco et al. (2013; see also NRC 2014) argued that the history of science has been one of swings between divergence and convergence. In the divergence phase specialization flourishes, with limited interaction between specialties, while in the convergence phase the barriers between the specialties begin to weaken, and science advances through the sharing of expertise and interest between specialties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 42.79
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR 53.49
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
EUR 53.49
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Goodchild, M. F., & Janelle, D. G. (2004). Spatially integrated social science. Oxford, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodchild, M. F., Anselin, L., Appelbaum, R. P., & Harthorn, B. H. (2000). Toward spatially integrated social science. International Regional Science Review, 23(2), 139–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHarg, I. (1969). Design with nature. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHarg, I. (1006). A quest for life. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC (National Research Council). (2014). Convergence: Facilitating Transdisciplinary Integration of Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roco, M. C., Bainbridge, W. S., Tonn, B., & Whitesides, G. (Eds.). (2013). Convergence of knowledge, technology and society: beyond convergence of nano-bio-info-cognitive technologies. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahr, K., White, D., & Kimerling, A. J. (2003). Geodesic discrete global grid systems. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 30(2), 121–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael F. Goodchild .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Goodchild, M.F. (2020). Foreword II: Convergence and Synthesis. In: Ye, X., Lin, H. (eds) Spatial Synthesis. Human Dynamics in Smart Cities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52734-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52734-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52733-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52734-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation