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Pharmacokinetic Polymorphisms

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The ADME Encyclopedia

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Synonyms

Cytochrome P450 (CYP); Cytochrome P450 isozymes; Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases; Mixed-function oxidases; Personalized medicine; Precision medicine

Definition

A polymorphism is a genetic variant that leads to at least two non-rare phenotypes with a frequency of 1% or greater in a population. When the variant is in a gene that codifies proteins involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (ADME), it is a pharmacokinetic polymorphism.

A pharmacokinetic polymorphism can alter the plasmatic level of medication and therefore alter the response. Depending on the type of variant and the pharmacokinetic process involved, a polymorphism could conduce to different security profiles of drugs or modify the therapeutic effectiveness.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics is the relationship between the administered dose and the plasma concentration of a drug, which implies studying the different processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, in short...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Matías F. Martínez, Leslie C. Cerpa, Nelson M. Varela & Luis A. Quiñones

  2. Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain

    Matías F. Martínez, Leslie C. Cerpa, Nelson M. Varela & Luis A. Quiñones

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Matías F. Martínez

Authors
  1. Matías F. Martínez
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  2. Leslie C. Cerpa
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  3. Nelson M. Varela
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  4. Luis A. Quiñones
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis A. Quiñones .

Section Editor information

  1. Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of la Plata (UNLP) - Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Alan Talevi

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Martínez, M.F., Cerpa, L.C., Varela, N.M., Quiñones, L.A. (2022). Pharmacokinetic Polymorphisms. In: The ADME Encyclopedia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51519-5_126-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51519-5_126-2

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-51519-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-51519-5

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Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Pharmacokinetic Polymorphisms
    Published:
    19 October 2021

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51519-5_126-2

  2. Original

    Pharmacokinetic Polymorphisms
    Published:
    03 September 2021

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51519-5_126-1

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