Abstract
This chapter explores an international comparative case study of children’s experiences of online sexual content. It suggests that the dominant ‘risk’ framework commonly used to understand these experiences is not the most useful way to construct the uses to which young people put these materials, or the role that online sexual content may play in young people’s healthy sexual development. It suggests that conceptualising ‘risk’ for young people as necessarily negative and as something to be avoided is counterproductive, and that the national and cultural context will impact the likelihood of ‘risk’. This particular example also indicates that risk itself might be positioned as something to be embraced; as a necessary part of learning personal boundaries and behaviours. It also contributes to the development of resilience, one of the key aspects of healthy sexual development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Australian Senate. Harm Being Done to Australian Children Through Access to Pornography on the Internet. Parliament of Australia: Senate Standing Committees on Environment and Communications, Environment and Communications References Committee, May 9, 2016. https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Environment_and_Communications/Onlineaccesstoporn45/Report.
Baćak, Valerio, and Aleksandar Štulhofer. ‘Masturbation among Sexually Active Young Women in Croatia: Assocations with Religiosity and Pornography Use’. International Journal of Sexual Health, 23, no. 4 (2011): 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2011.611220.
Baker, Karen Elizabeth. ‘Online Pornography—Should Schools Be Teaching Young People about the Risks? An Exploration of the Views of Young People and Teaching Professionals’. Sex Education, 16, no. 2 (2016): 213–228.
Chrisman, Kent, and Donna Couchenour. Healthy Sexual Development: A Guide for Early Childhood Educators and Families. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2002.
Duerager, Andrea, and Sonia Livingstone. How Can Parents Support Children’s Internet Safety?. LSE, London: EU Kids Online, 2012. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/42872/.
Green, Lelia, Danielle Brady, Kjartan Ólafsson, John Hartley, and Catharine Lumby. ‘Risks and Safety for Australian Children on the Internet: Full Findings from the AU Kids Online Survey of 9–16 Year Olds and Their Parents’. Cultural Science, 4, no. 1 (2011). http://www.cci.edu.au/reports/AU-Kids-Online-Survey.pdf.
Helsper, Ellen J., Veronica Kalmus, Uwe Hasebrink, Bence Sagvari, and Jos De Haan. Country Classification: Opportuunities, Risks, Harm and Parental Mediation. LSE, London: EU Kids Online, 2013. http://www.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/EUKidsOnline/EU%20Kids%20III/Classification/Country-classification-report-EU-Kids-Online.pdf.
Kubicek, Katrina, William J. Beyer, George Weiss, Ellen Iverson, and Michele D. Kipke. ‘In the Dark: Young Men’s Stories of Sexual Initiation in the Absence of Relevant Sexual Health Information’. Health Education & Behavior, 37, no. 2 (2010): 243–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198109339993.
Livingstone, Sonia. EU Kids Online: Enhancing Knowledge Regarding European Children’s Use, Risk and Safety Online, 2010 [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 6885, 2011. http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6885–1.
Livingstone, Sonia, and Amanda Third. ‘Children and Young People’s Rights in the Digital Age: An Emerging Agenda’. New Media & Society, 19, no. 5 (2017): 657–670.
Livingstone, Sonia, Leslie Haddon, Anke Görzig, and Kjartan Ólafsson. Risks and Safety on the Internet: The Perspective of European Children. Full Findings. London: EU Kids Online, 2011. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33731/.
Lumby, Catharine, and Kath Albury. ‘“Too Much? Too Young?” The Sexualisation of Children Debate in Australia’. Media Information Australia, 135 (2010): 141–152.
McKee, Alan. ‘“Saying You’ve Been at Dad’s Porn Book is Part of Growing Up”: Youth, Pornography and Education’. Metro, 155 (2007): 118–122.
McKee, Alan, Kath Albury, Michael Dunne, Sue Grieshaber, John Hartley, Catharine Lumby, and Ben Mathews. ‘Healthy Sexual Development: A Multidisciplinary Framework for Research’. International Journal of Sexual Health, 22, no. 1 (2010): 14–19.
Smith, Marshall. ‘Youth Viewing Sexually Explicit Material Online: Addressing the Elephant on the Screen’. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 10, no. 1 (2013): 62–75.
Štulhofer, Aleksandar, Vatroslav Jelovica, and Jan Ružić. ‘Is Early Exposure to Pornography a Risk Factor for Sexual Compulsivity: Findings From an Online Survey among Young Heterosexual Adults’. International Journal of Sexual Health, 20, no. 4 (2008): 270–280.
Wentland, Jocelyn J., Edward S. Herold, Serge Desmarais, and Robin R. Milhausen. ‘Differentiating Highly Sexual Women from Less Sexual Women’. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 18, no. 4 (2009): 169–182.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the foundational work done by the EU Kids Online network, led at that time by Professor Sonia Livingstone, London School of Economics and Political Science, and funded by the European Commission’s Safer Internet plus Programme, predominantly SIP-2005-MD-038229. They also gratefully acknowledge a grant from the Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation, which funded the matched research in Australia with 400 families.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors affirm that they have no conflict of interest with regards to this paper, although all have benefited from nationally or internationally competitive funding in the past to research children online, pornography and/or a combination of these areas.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Green, L., Lumby, C., McKee, A., Ólafsson, K. (2020). National Contexts for the Risk of Harm Being Done to Children by Access to Online Sexual Content. In: Tsaliki, L., Chronaki, D. (eds) Discourses of Anxiety over Childhood and Youth across Cultures. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46436-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46436-3_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-46435-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-46436-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)