The Pre- and Perinatal Origins of Childhood and Adult Diseases and Personality Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology

Abstract

This chapter explores the effects of psychological stress, anxiety, and depression as well as other factors in the pre- and perinatal period on the unborn and newborn child. Particular attention is given to the effects of stress on the organization of the fetal brain, neurohormones, the immune system, personality evolution, our capacities to give and receive love, as well as the development of many childhood and adult diseases. Maternal feelings and mood states are linked to hormones and neurotransmitters that travel through the bloodstream and across the placenta to the develo** brain of the unborn. Prolonged exposure to stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol, primes the growing brain to react in fight and flight mode – even when inappropriate – throughout life. Maternal emphasis on joy and love, on the other hand, bathes the growing brain in “feel-good” endorphins and neurohormones such as oxytocin, promoting a lifelong sense of well-being. This subject will be of interest to health providers such as midwives, doulas, nurses, and doctors as well as psychotherapists who wish to gain a deeper understanding of human development and integrate this knowledge into their practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Thailand)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 234.33
Price includes VAT (Thailand)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR 279.99
Price excludes VAT (Thailand)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
EUR 279.99
Price excludes VAT (Thailand)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arehart-Treichel, J. (2006). Can hands-on contact reverse nerve-cell deficit? Psychiatric News, 41(9), 24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, R., Flynn, H., Hoffmann, R., Vazquez, D., Lopez, J., & Marcus, S. (2005). Early developmental changes in sleep in infants: The impact of maternal depression. Sleep, 32(5), 693–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azmitia, E. C. (2007). Serotonin and brain: Evolution, neuroplasticity, and homeostasis. International Review of Neurobiology, 77, 31–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, D. J. P. (1992). Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. British Medical Journal, 301(6761), 1111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, D. J. P. (1998). In utero programming of chronic disease. Clinical Science, 95, 115–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., & Mick, E. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(6), 631–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohnert, K. M., & Breslau, N. (2008). Stability of psychiatric outcomes of low birth weight. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(9), 1080–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, P. A., Grekin, E. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Mednick, S. A. (2002). Relationship of maternal smoking during pregnancy with criminal arrest and hospitalization for substance abuse in male and female adult offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(1), 48–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brizendine, L. (2006). The female brain. New York: Morgan Road Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, C., Davis, E. P., Muftuler, L. T., Head, K., & Sandman, C. A. (2010). High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6–9 year-old children. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(1), 141–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, T. D., Yolken, R., Buka, S., & Torrey, E. F. (2008). Decreased neurotrophic response to birth hypoxia in the etiology of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 64(9), 797–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, I. (2005). Low birth weight, developmental delays predict adult mental health disorders. Presentation at 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, I. (2007). A longitudinal typology of symptoms of depression and anxiety over the life course. Biological Psychiatry, 62(110), 1265–1271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conzen, S. D. (2009, September). Social isolation worsens cancer. Cancer Prevention Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crews, F. T. (2008). Alcohol-related neurodegeneration and recovery mechanisms from animal models. NIAAA of the National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh314/377-388.pdf.

  • Dadds, M. R., Perry, Y., Hawes, D. J., Merz, S., Riddell, A. C., Haines, D. J., & Abeygunawardane, A. I. (2006). Attention to the eyes and fear-recognition deficits in child psychopathy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 280–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, S., Glasson, E. J., Dixon, G., & Bower, C. (2009). Birth defects in children with autism spectrum disorders: A population-based, nested case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(11), 1296–1303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctot, K. L. (2010). A metaanalysis of cytokines in major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 67(5), 446–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epel, E. S., Blackburn, E. H., Lin, J., Dhabhar, F. S., Adler, N. E., Morrow, J. D., & Cawthon, R. M. (2004). Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 101(49), 17312–17315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T., Diego, M., Dieter, J., Hernandez-Reif, M., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Kuhn, C., & Bendell, D. (2004). Prenatal depression effects on the fetus and the newborn. Infant Behaviour & Development, 27, 216–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glover, V. (1999). Maternal stress or anxiety during pregnancy and the development of the baby. The Practicing Midwife, 2(5), 20–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gluckman, P. D., & Hanson, M. A. (2004). Developmental origins of disease paradigm: A mechanistic and evolutionary perspective. Pediatric Research, 56(3), 311–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hampton, T. (2004). Fetal environment may have profound long-term consequences for health. JAMA, 292(11), 1285–1286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hay, D. F., Pawlby, S., Waters, C. S., Perra, O., & Sharp, D. (2010). Mothers’ antenatal depression and their children’s antisocial outcomes. Child Development, 81(1), 149–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchings, D. E., & Gibbon, J. (1970). Preliminary study of behavioural and teratogenic effects of two “stress” procedures administered during different periods of gestation in the rat. Psychological Reports, 26(1), 239–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, S., Laplante, D. P., Brunet, K. N., Dancause, N., Grizenko, N., Joober, R., Schmitz, N. (2011–ongoing). Project ice storm. Retrieved from http://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/icestorm/.

  • Kolar, J., & Machackova, I. (2005). Melatonin in higher plants: Occurrence and possible functions. Journal of Pineal Research, 39(4), 333–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laplante, D. P., Barr, R., Brunet, A., Galbaud du Fort, G., Meaney, M. L., Saucier, J. F., & King, S. (2004). Stress during pregnancy affects general intellectual and language functioning in human toddlers. Pediatric Research, 56(3), 400–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laplante, D. P., Brunet, A., Schmitz, N., Chiampi, A., & King, S. (2008). Project ice storm: Prenatal maternal stress affects cognitive and linguistic functioning in 51/2-year-old children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(9), 1063–1072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laplante, C. A., Vaillancourt, C., & King, S. (2010). Prenatal stress and brain development. Brain Research Reviews, 65, 56–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D., Liu, L., & Odouli, R. (2009). Presence of depressive symptoms during early pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery: A prospective cohort study. Human Reproduction, 24(1), 146–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liem, J. (2006, March). Maternal asthma puts fetus at risk. The Medical Post.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipton, B. (2005). Biology of belief. Santa Rosa: Elite Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, D. M., Buckmaster, P. S., Lee, A. G., Wu, C., Mitra, R., Duffey, L. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010). Stress co** stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis in adult monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 107(33), 14823–14827.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magarinos, A. M., McEwen, B. S., Flugge, G., & Fuchs, E. (1996). Chronic psychosocial stress causes apical dendritic atrophy of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in subordinate tree shrews. Journal of Neuroscience, 16(10), 3534–3540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malaspina, D., Corcoran, C., Kleinhaus, K. R., Perrin, M. C., Fennig, S., Nahon, D., & Harlap, S. (2008). Acute maternal stress in pregnancy and schizophrenia in offspring: A cohort prospective study. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 71. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/8/71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markussen, L. K., Obel, C., Bonde, E., Hove Thomsen, P., Secher, N. J., Wisborg, K., & Brink Henriksen, T. (2006). Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and hyperactive-distractible preschoolers: A follow-up study. Acta Paediatrica, 95(6), 694–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, A. A., Finger, E. C., Mitchell, D. G., Reid, M. E., Sims, C., Kosson, D. S., & Blair, R. J. (2008). Reduced amygdala response to fearful expressions in children and adolescents with callous- unemotional traits and disruptive behavior disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(6), 712–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B. (2000). Allostasis and allostatic load: Implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology, 22, 108–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nathanielsz, P. (1999). Life in the womb: The origin of health and disease. Ithaca: Promethean Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauert, R. (2008). Stress during pregnancy may predispose to schizophrenia. PsychCentral. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/08/21/stress-during-pregnancy-may- predispose-schizophrenia/2799.html.

  • Nemeroff, C., & O’Connor, C. (2000). Depression as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: Emerging data and clinical perspectives. St. Louis: Mosby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nie, D., DiNardo, A., Han, J. M., Baharanyi, H., Kramvis, I., Huynh, T., & Sahin, M. (2010a). Tsc2-Rheb signaling regulates EphA-mediated axon guidance. Nature Neuroscience, 13(2), 163–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nie, D., DiNardo, A., Han, J. M., Baharanyi, H., Kramvis, I., Huynh, T., & Sahin, M. (2010b). More evidence that autism is a brain ‘connectivity’ disorder. Report based on report in Nature Neuroscience, 13(2), 163–172. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100110151333.htm.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordquist, N., & Oreland, L. (2010). Serotonin, genetic variability, behaviour, and psychiatric disorders – a review. Upsula Journal of Medical Sciences, 115(1), 2–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odent, M. (1999). The scientification of love. London: Free Association Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paanksepp, J. (1999). The neural basis of the basic emotions in the mammalian brain. In D. Levin-son et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human emotions (pp. 475–478). New York: Macmillan Reference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paanksepp, J. (2004). Affective neuroscience. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasternak, T., Potters, G., Caubergs, R., & Jansen, M. A. K. (2005). Complementary interactions between oxidative stress and auxins control plant growth responses at plant, organ, and cellular level. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56(418), 1991–2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raine, A. P., Brenman, P., & Mednick, S. A. (1994). Birth complications combined with early maternal rejection at age 1 year predispose to violent crime at age 18 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 948–988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roseboom, T. J., van der Meulen, J. H., Osmond, C., Barker, D. J., Ravelli, A. C., Schroeder-Tanka, J. M., van Montfrans, G. A., & Bleker, O. P. (2000). Coronary heart disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine, 1944–45. Heart, 84(6), 595–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheibel, A. B. (1997, September/October). Embryological development of the human brain. New Horizons for Learning Electronic Journal. Retrieved from http://education.jhu.edu/newhorizons/Neurosciences/articles/Embryological%20Development%20of%20the%20Human%20Brain/index.html.

  • Schendel, D., & Bhasin, T. K. (2008). Birth weight and gestational age characteristics of children with autism. Pediatrics, 121(6), 1155–1164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D. J. (2012). The develo** mind, second edition: How relationships and the brain inter- act to shape who we are. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, N. M., Smoller, J. W., McNamara, K. L., Maser, R. S., Zalta, A. K., Pollack, M. H., & Wong, K. K. (2006). Telomere shortening and mood disorders: Preliminary support for a chronic stress model of accelerated aging. Biological Psychiatry, 60(5), 432–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira, J., Fisk, N. M., & Glover, V. (1999). Association between maternal anxiety in pregnancy and increased uterine artery resistance index: Cohort based study. BMJ, 318(7177), 153–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tork, I., & Hornung, J. P. (1990). In A. F. Schatzberg & C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verrips, E., Vogels, T., Saigal, S., Wolke, D., Meyer, R., Hoult, L., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2008). Health related quality of life for extremely low birth weight adolescents. Pediatrics, 122(3), 556–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, K., Campbell, R., Mermelstein, R., & Wakschlag, L. (2007). Pregnancy smoking in context: The influence of multiple levels of stress. Oxford Journals, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(6), 1065–1073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wysong, P. (2005). Low birth weight, developmental delays predict adult mental health disorders. Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/517533.

  • Yang, S., Platt, R. W., & Kramer, M. S. (2010). Variation in child cognitive ability by week of gestation among healthy term births. American Journal of Epidemiology, 171(4), 399–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zammit, S., Thomas, K., Thompson, A., Horwood, J., Menezes, P., Gunnell, D., & Harrison, G. (2009). Maternal tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of adolescent psychotic symptoms in offspring. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 294–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Verny, T.R. (2021). The Pre- and Perinatal Origins of Childhood and Adult Diseases and Personality Disorders. In: Evertz, K., Janus, L., Linder, R. (eds) Handbook of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41716-1_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation