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Respiratory Chain and Energy Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum

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Corynebacterium glutamicum

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 23))

Abstract

The production of glutamic acid as well as amino acids of the aspartic acid family from carbohydrates is carried out industrially by a group of bacteria represented by Corynebacterium glutamicum. C. glutamicum is a Gram-positive facultative aerobe with a thick cell wall comprising, besides the peptidoglycan layer, a layer of mycolic acid and arabinogalactan. Industrially, glutamic acid production is induced by various stresses such as biotin limitation or the addition of surfactants or antibiotics, which may alter the cell membrane tension or opening of the mechano-sensitive channel as well as lead to the reduction of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity that in turn affects the flow of the TCA cycle. Albeit the molecular events associated with these phenotypes are not fully understood, glutamate production in C. glutamicum is related to the cell surface structure (cell membrane) and the metabolic flux (especially through the TCA cycle) since these are deeply involved in cellular energetics. In the aerobic respiratory chain of C. glutamicum, several primary dehydrogenases, including type II NADH dehydrogenase, and malate:quinone oxidoreductase- and lactate dehydrogenase-dependent NADH reoxidizing systems, function donating electrons from each substrates to menaquinone, and the resulting menaquinol is oxidized by cytochrome bcc-aa 3 supercomplex and cytochrome bd oxidase. The bcc-aa 3 supercomplex and bd oxidase generate proton-motive force, H+/O ratio of 6 and 2, respectively. In this chapter, molecular characters and energetics of these respiratory components are summarized and also some metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum to produce valuable chemicals are described related to the respiratory chain.

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Acknowledgement

The author thanks Prof. Toshiharu Yakushi, Yamaguchi University, for his critical reading and suggestions for this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Naoya Kataoka, Minenosuke Matsutani & Kazunobu Matsushita

  2. Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Naoya Kataoka, Minenosuke Matsutani & Kazunobu Matsushita

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  1. Naoya Kataoka
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  2. Minenosuke Matsutani
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Correspondence to Kazunobu Matsushita .

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  1. Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Innovative Technology, Kyoto, Japan

    Masayuki Inui

  2. Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Innovative Technology, Kyoto, Japan

    Koichi Toyoda

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Kataoka, N., Matsutani, M., Matsushita, K. (2020). Respiratory Chain and Energy Metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum . In: Inui, M., Toyoda, K. (eds) Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiology Monographs, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39267-3_3

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