Abstract
Cold War espionage fiction regularly represents the perils of citizenship. Drawing upon Hannah Arendt’s theorisation of statelessness, as well as Seyla Benhabib’s and Étienne Balibar’s definitions of statehood and belonging, this chapter focuses on the elusive security granted by citizenship during the global Cold War. Critical attention falls on Ian Fleming’s Dr No (1957) in order to trace the ‘Bond effect’ through Andrei Gulyashki’s Prikliucheniia Avvakuma Zakhova (The Zakhov Mission, 1959), Gérard de Villiers’s Voir Malte et mourir (See Malta and Die, 1979), Yulian Semyonov’s TASS upolnomochen zayavit (TASS Is Authorized to Announce, 1979), David G. Maillu’s The Equatorial Assignment (1980) and other novels. A central premise of the chapter is that spy novels shaped Cold War discourses of diplomacy, defection and foreign policy.
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Notes
- 1.
Aldrich, The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence (London: John Murray, 2001), p. 5.
- 2.
See Roy Godson, ‘Intelligence: An American View’, in K.G. Robertson, ed., British and American Approaches to Intelligence (Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1987), p. 22.
- 3.
Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, new edn (1951; Orlando: Harvest, 1985), p. 296.
- 4.
Arendt, ‘Public Rights and Private Interests’, in Michael Mooney and Florian Stuber, eds, Small Comforts for Hard Times: Humanists on Public Policy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), pp. 105, 107.
- 5.
Balibar, ‘Propositions on Citizenship’, Ethics, 98: 4 (1988), p. 728.
- 6.
Lassner, Espionage and Exile: Fascism and Anti-Fascism in British Spy Fiction and Film (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016), p. 9.
- 7.
Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 216.
- 8.
Fleming, Dr No, new edn (1957; London: Penguin, 2002), p. 121.
- 9.
Ibid., p. 67.
- 10.
Ibid., pp. 91, 36.
- 11.
Ibid., p. 227.
- 12.
Ibid., p. 227.
- 13.
Ibid., p. 143.
- 14.
United Nations, ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’, United Nations, http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html (accessed 24 February 2019).
- 15.
Fleming, Dr No, p. 296.
- 16.
Ibid., p. 147.
- 17.
Ibid., p. 232.
- 18.
Ibid., p. 231.
- 19.
Ibid., p. 237.
- 20.
Ibid., p. 75.
- 21.
Ibid., p. 299.
- 22.
Ibid., p. 239.
- 23.
Ibid., p. 303.
- 24.
Cort’s migrations are charted in Patrick Wright, Iron Curtain: From Stage to Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 9–15, 358–69.
- 25.
Odd Arne Westad, The Cold War: A World History (New York: Basic Books, 2017), p. 310.
- 26.
Le Carré, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, new edn (1963; Toronto: Penguin, 2009), p. 193.
- 27.
Le Carré, Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, new edn (1974; Toronto: Penguin, 2013), p. 208.
- 28.
Le Carré, A Perfect Spy (Toronto: Penguin, 1987), p. 447.
- 29.
Greene, The Third Man, new edn (1949; Penguin: New York, 1999), p. 123.
- 30.
Ibid., p. 145.
- 31.
Greene, The Human Factor (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978), p. 20.
- 32.
Ibid., p. 160.
- 33.
See ibid., pp. 43, 106.
- 34.
See ibid., pp. 48, 62.
- 35.
Ibid., p. 215.
- 36.
Ibid., p. 202.
- 37.
Ibid., p. 218.
- 38.
Ibid., pp. 61–2.
- 39.
Maillu, The Equatorial Assignment (London: Macmillan, 1980), p. 114.
- 40.
Ibid., p. 104.
- 41.
Ibid., p. 64.
- 42.
Ibid., p. 155.
- 43.
Quint, Plan Hérode 65 (Paris: Presses Noires, 1965), p. 7 (my translation).
- 44.
Ribes, Lecomte ne chinoise pas (Paris: Éditions Fleuve Noir, 1971), p. 10 (my translation throughout).
- 45.
Ibid., p. 10.
- 46.
Ibid., p. 81.
- 47.
Ibid., p. 55.
- 48.
Ibid., p. 55.
- 49.
Ibid., p. 46.
- 50.
De Villiers, Voir Malte et Mourir (Paris: Plon, 1979), p. 61 (my translation throughout).
- 51.
Ibid., p. 70.
- 52.
Ibid., pp. 139, 207.
- 53.
Ibid., p. 195.
- 54.
Ibid., p. 102.
- 55.
Ibid., p. 209.
- 56.
Nadel, Containment Culture: American Narratives, Postmodernism, and the Atomic Age (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995), p. 14.
- 57.
De Villiers, Voir Malte et Mourir, p. 102.
- 58.
Ibid., p. 78.
- 59.
Ibid., p. 145.
- 60.
Ibid., pp. 94–5.
- 61.
Ibid., p. 232.
- 62.
Ibid., p. 228.
- 63.
Piette, The Literary Cold War, 1945 to Vietnam (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009), p. 164.
- 64.
Gulyashki, The Zakhov Mission, trans. by Maurice Michel (1959; Garden City: Doubleday, 1969), pp. 32–3.
- 65.
Ibid., pp. 91, 164.
- 66.
Ibid., p. 83.
- 67.
Semyonov, Tass Is Authorized to Announce …, trans. by Charles Buxton (1979; New York: Avon, 1987), p. 176.
- 68.
Ibid., p. 150.
- 69.
Ibid., p. 77.
- 70.
Ibid., p. 328.
- 71.
Ibid., p. 83.
- 72.
Ibid., pp. 352–3.
- 73.
Ibid., p. 159.
- 74.
Ibid., pp. 325–6.
- 75.
Le Carré, ‘To Russia, with Greetings’, Encounter, 26 (1966), p. 5.
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Hepburn, A. (2020). World Citizens: Espionage Literature in the Cold War. In: Hammond, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Cold War Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38973-4_16
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