Abstract
Monuments and historical remains built of raw earth show that this material can persist for centuries. As with the cultural and historical heritage of the city of Rabat (Morocco), Chellah is one of the most historically significant monuments, this site being the melting pot of several civilizations that have played a major role, including the Marinid who left traces of Islamic architecture through the Medersa site built by the adobe construction technique.
This research involves the experimental and numerical analysis of the adobe material obtained from the Chellah site as well as the additive mixture in order to identify their mechanical behaviour. After the geotechnical identification of the material, a series of mechanical tests (compressive and bending tensile strengths) were applied to the adobe and the additive mixture. For numerical simulation, the finite element method was used to simulate the failure process of the material and different mixtures using the ANSYS software (ANSYS, 2019 1R). Numerical predictions are compared with experimental data. The methodology applied in this study provides promising results to better predict the mechanical properties of the mix used on the construction and rehabilitation of historic monuments in order to further reduce costly experimental tasks.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AlavĂ©z-RamĂrez, R., Montes-GarcĂa, P., MartĂnez-Reyes, J., et al.: The use of sugarcane bagasse ash and lime to improve the durability and mechanical properties of compacted soil blocks. Constr. Build. Mater. 34, 296–305 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.072
Bui, T.T., Limam, A., Sarhosis, V., Hjiaj, M.: Discrete element modelling of the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of dry-joint masonry wall constructions. Eng. Struct. 136, 277–294 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.020
Calatan, G., Hegyi, A., Dico, C., Mircea, C.: Determining the optimum addition of vegetable materials in adobe bricks. Procedia Technol. 22, 259–265 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.01.077
Cao, Z., Watanabe, H.: Earthquake response predication and retrofitting techniques of adobe structures, no. 12 (2004)
CRATerre: Construire en Terre normes CRAterre (1979)
CRATerre: Réhabilitation et valorisation du bâti en pisé (2018)
Daudon, D., Sieffert, Y., AlbarracĂn, O., et al.: Adobe construction modeling by discrete element method: first methodological steps. Procedia Econ. Finan. 18, 247–254 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00937-X
EN 196-1: Methods of testing cement - Part 1: determination of strength (2016). https://standards.cen.eu. Accessed 26 June 2019
EN 772-1:2011+A1: Methods of test for masonry units - Part 1: determination of compressive strength (2015)
Ghavami, K., Toledo Filho, R.D., Barbosa, N.P.: Behaviour of composite soil reinforced with natural fibres. Cement Concr. Compos. 21, 39–48 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00033-X
González-López, J.R., Juárez-Alvarado, C.A., Ayub-Francis, B., Mendoza-Rangel, J.M.: Compaction effect on the compressive strength and durability of stabilized earth blocks. Constr. Build. Mater. 163, 179–188 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.074
Illampas, R., Charmpis, D.C., Ioannou, I.: Laboratory testing and finite element simulation of the structural response of an adobe masonry building under horizontal loading. Eng. Struct. 80, 362–376 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.09.008
Koohestani, B., Koubaa, A., Belem, T., et al.: Experimental investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill containing maple-wood filler. Constr. Build. Mater. 121, 222–228 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.118
Mohebkhah, A., Chegeni, B.: Local–global interactive buckling of built-up I-beam sections. Thin-Walled Struct. 56, 33–37 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2012.03.018
Onuaguluchi, O., Banthia, N.: Plant-based natural fibre reinforced cement composites: a review. Cement Concr. Compos. 68, 96–108 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.02.014
Quốc-Bảo, B.: Stabilité des structures en pisé: Durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques. Thèse, L’Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon (2008)
RPCT: Decret n° 2-12-666 du reglement parasismique pour les constructions en terre et instituant le Comité national des constructions en terre (2013)
Sharma, V., Marwaha, B.M., Vinayak, H.K.: Enhancing durability of adobe by natural reinforcement for propagating sustainable mud housing. Int. J. Sustain. Built Environ. 5, 141–155 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.03.004
Sharma, V., Vinayak, H.K., Marwaha, B.M.: Enhancing compressive strength of soil using natural fibers. Constr. Build. Mater. 93, 943–949 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.065
Sudin, R., Swamy, N.: Bamboo and wood fibre cement composites for sustainable infrastructure regeneration. J. Mater. Sci. 41, 6917–6924 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0224-3
Taj, S., Munawar, M.A.: Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite, no. 17 (2007)
Tarque, N., Camata, G., Espacone, E., et al.: Numerical modelling of in-plane behaviour of adobe walls, no. 12 (2010)
Terrisse, M.: Les musées de sites archéologiques appréhendés en tant que vecteurs de développement local à travers trois études de cas préfigurant la mise en valeur opérationnelle du site de Chellah. Thèse, Université de Maine, le Mans (2011)
Van Damme, H., Houben, H.: Earth concrete. Stabilization revisited. Cem. Concr. Res. 114, 90–102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.035
Varum, H., Costa, A., Pereira, H., et al.: Caracterização do comportamento estrutural de paredes de alvenaria de adobe, no. 10 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Simou, S., Baba, K., Akkouri, N., Lamrani, M., Tajayout, M., Nounah, A. (2020). Mechanical Characterization of the Adobe Material of the Archaeological Site of Chellah. In: Ameen, H., Jamiolkowski, M., Manassero, M., Shehata, H. (eds) Recent Thoughts in Geoenvironmental Engineering. GeoMEast 2019. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34199-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34199-2_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34198-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34199-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)