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Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin in Prostate Cancer

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Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1210))

Abstract

Epigenetics refers to mitotically/meiotically heritable mechanisms that regulate gene transcription without a need for changes in the DNA code. Covalent modifications of DNA, in the form of methylation, and histone post-translational modifications, in the form of acetylation and methylation, constitute the epigenetic code of a cell. Both DNA and histone modifications are highly dynamic and often work in unison to define the epigenetic state of a cell. Most epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene transcription by affecting localized/genome-wide transitions between heterochromatin and euchromatin states, thereby altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery and in turn, reduce/increase transcriptional output. Altered chromatin structure is associated with cancer progression, and epigenetic plasticity primarily governs the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this chapter, we specifically focus on regulators of histone methylation and acetylation, the two well-studied chromatin post-translational modifications, in the context of prostate cancer.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Reyaz Ur Rasool and Qu Deng for stimulating discussions. Research in the Asangani Laboratory is supported by the Department of Defense Idea Development Award (W81XWH17-1-0404 to I.A.A).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Ramakrishnan Natesan, Shweta Aras, Samuel Sander Effron & Irfan A. Asangani

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  1. Ramakrishnan Natesan
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  2. Shweta Aras
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  3. Samuel Sander Effron
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  4. Irfan A. Asangani
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Correspondence to Irfan A. Asangani .

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  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Scott M. Dehm

  2. Departments of Urology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA

    Donald J. Tindall

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Natesan, R., Aras, S., Effron, S.S., Asangani, I.A. (2019). Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin in Prostate Cancer. In: Dehm, S., Tindall, D. (eds) Prostate Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1210. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_17

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