Measuring the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals at a Local Level: The WeGIx Index

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Universities and Sustainable Communities: Meeting the Goals of the Agenda 2030

Abstract

The broadness and ambition of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for commitment and effort from all society sectors. Either at national or local level, where the action of communities and governance is of the utmost importance for the implementation and operationalization of such an interconnected and transformative agenda, adequate means for monitoring, measurement and accountability of plans and actions are also required. Academia, being one of the strongest pillars of the contemporary societies, should embrace its role as both a promoter and supporter of this universal Agenda, not only by develo** fundamental scientific knowledge and educational resources but by also acting as advisers for governmental decisions and the establishment of proper and tailored public policies. This work describes the design and application processes of WeGIx—a composite indicator aiming to be a global objective measure of communities’ quality of life, at municipality level. WeGIx quantifies a combination of forty-three variables contributing to tackle municipalities’ global progress, in an integrated manner, on SDGs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 and 16. Results of the WeGIx application on Portugal demonstrate development asymmetries in municipalities and help to identify implementation gaps and improvement opportunities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 93.08
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR 117.69
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
EUR 160.49
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente I.P. (2015) Relatório - Resíduos Perigosos em Portugal - 2013 e 2014. Amadora, Portugal, p 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente I.P. (2018a) Licenciamento - Incineração e Coincineração de Resíduos. https://www.apambiente.pt/index.php?ref=16&subref=84&sub2ref=943&sub3ref=944. Accessed November 2018

  • Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente I.P. (2018b). Lista de aterros em exploração 2016 (Departamento de Resíduos - Divisão de Resíduos Setoriais, Trans.). Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente, I.P, Amadora, Portugal, pp 12

    Google Scholar 

  • Anenberg SC, Miller J, Minjares R, Du L, Henze DK, Lacey F, et al (2017) Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets. [Letter]. Nature 545(7655):467–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22086

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barreira E, Pontes M, Maia R, Oliveira G, Vidal D (2018) Cancro do pulmão e poluição: um estudo transversal. Onco News 37:14–19. https://doi.org/10.31877/on.2018.37.02

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavaco C, Vilares E, Rosa F, Magalhães M, Esteves N (2015) The Portuguese Strategy for Sustainable Cities: towards smarter urban development. Paper presented at the GEOSPATIAL World Forum: Workshop Measuring Progress Achieving Smarter Cities, Lisboa, Portugal, 25–29 May 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Deakin M, Reid A (2014) Sustainable urban development: use of the environmental assessment methods. Sustain Cities Soc. 10:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2013.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Direção-Geral do Território (2018) Agenda para o Território: Programa de Ação 2030 do PNPOT - Programa Nacional da Política de Ordenamento do Território. In: Direção Geral do Território (ed) (20 julho 2018 ed). República Portuguesa, p 221. http://pnpot.dgterritorio.gov.pt/pnpot

  • European Environment Agency (2017) Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016: An indicator-based report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: European Union, p 424

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontes T, Barros N, Manso C (2016) Impact of air pollution in urban areas: guidelines to buy or rent a more healthful home. In: Costa PT, Quino D, Garcia RAC (eds) International conference in urbans risks, Lisboa, 30 junho–2 julho 2016. CERU—European Centre in Urbans Risks, pp. 623–630. http://www.ceru-europa.pt/icur2016/ICUR2016_Proceedings.pdf

  • INE—Instituto Nacional de Estatística I.P. (2014) Tipologia de Áreas Urbanas 2014 - Relatório Técnico. In INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística I.P. (ed). Lisboa, Portugal, p 20

    Google Scholar 

  • INE—Instituto Nacional de Estatística I.P. (2017) Índice de Bem-estar 2004 – 2016. Estatísticas Oficiais. INE—Instituto Nacional de Estatística I.P, Lisboa, Portugal, p 70

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaza S, Yao LC, Bhada-Tata P, Van Woerden F (2018) What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. Urban Development Series. World Bank, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Leadership Council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) (2015) Indicators and a monitoring framework for the sustainable development goals: launching a data revolution for the SDGs. Secretary-General of the United Nations, p 233

    Google Scholar 

  • Leal Filho W, Azeiteiro U, Alves F, Pace P, Mifsud M, Brandli L et al (2018) Reinvigorating the sustainable development research agenda: the role of the sustainable development goals (SDG). Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 25(2):131–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2017.1342103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mair S, Jones A, Ward J, Christie I, Druckman A, Lyon F (2018) A critical review of the role of indicators in implementing the sustainable development goals. In: Leal Filho W (ed) Handbook of sustainability science and research. World Sustainability Series. Springer International Publishing, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazziotta M, Pareto A (2013) Methods for constructing composite indices: one for all or all for one? Rivista Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, LXVII, no 2, pp. 67–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori K, Christodoulou A (2012) Review of sustainability indices and indicators: towards a new City sustainability index (CSI). Environ Impact Assess Rev 32(1):94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2011.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munda G, Nardo M (2009) Noncompensatory/nonlinear composite indicators for ranking countries: a defensible setting. Appl Econ 41(12):1513–1523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840601019364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD and JRC European Commission (2008) Handbook on constructing composite indicators. Methodology and user guide. OECD Publications, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Salvia AL, Leal Filho W, Brandli LL, Griebeler JS (2019) Assessing research trends related to sustainable development goals: local and global issues. J Clean Prod 208:841–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Science for Environment Policy—European Commission (2015) Indicators for sustainable cities. In-depth Report. Issue 12. In: Science communication unit, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol (ed) Produced for the European Commission DG Environment by the Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, p 24

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly (2014) Fundamental principles of official statistics: resolution adopted by the general assembly on 29 January 2014. In: Nations U (ed) A/RES/68/261. United Nations, Official Document System of the United Nations, p 2

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development—resolution adopted by the UN general assembly on 25 September 2015. In: Nations U (ed) A/RES/70/1. United Nations, Official Document System of the United Nations, p 35

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly (2018) Global indicator framework adopted by the general assembly (A/RES/71/313) and annual refinements contained in E/CN.3/2018/2 (Annex II). In: United Nations (ed) A/RES/71/313. United Nations, Official Document System of the United Nations, p 21

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Statistical Commission (2017) Cape town global action plan for sustainable development data (prepared by the high-level group for partnership, coordination and capacity-building for statistics for the 2030 agenda for sustainable development). Cape Town, South Africa: 15 January 2017; adopted by the General Assembly in July 2017 (RES/71/313), p 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidal DG, Pontes M, Barreira E, Oliveira GM, Maia RL (2018) Differential mortality and inequalities in health services access in mainland Portugal. Finisterra 53(109):37–54. https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis14118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Wang Y, Sun M, Wang R, Zheng P (2018) Exploring the environmental pressures in urban sectors: an energy-water-carbon nexus perspective. Appl Energy 228:2298–2307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.090

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

WeGIx is a research project of FP-ENAS—UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit funded by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. through project UID/MULTI/4546/2016.

The authors expressed their gratitude to Carolina Borba Oliveira for English reviewing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gisela Marta Oliveira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 8, 9 and 10.

Table 9 Spearman correlation test applied to WeGIx initial set of forty-two indicators. Only correlations > 0.5 are presented
Table 10 K-Means Cluster analysis of WeGIx scores mean with the final set of twenty-nine indicators

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Oliveira, G.M., Vidal, D.G., Viterbo, L.M.F., Maia, R.L. (2020). Measuring the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals at a Local Level: The WeGIx Index. In: Leal Filho, W., Tortato, U., Frankenberger, F. (eds) Universities and Sustainable Communities: Meeting the Goals of the Agenda 2030. World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30306-8_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation