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West Nile Fever: A Challenge in Sahelian Africa

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Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions

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Abstract

West Nile fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease of public health importance transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus Culex. Birds are the main hosts/reservoirs of West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) and ensure its spread worldwide toward migration. The WNV is continuously spreading across the world with significant health and economic impact in human and animals, especially in newly infected areas where many human and animal losses are reported. However, in most of the African countries where the disease is endemic, no or few human or animal cases are reported in contrast with the high prevalence of the disease and the recurrent circulation of the virus. These gaps could be related to the fact that clinical signs are similar to those of dominant pathologies in human or equine encephalitis in animal health allowing to a misdiagnosis.

Significant efforts will be needed in African countries to improve knowledge of the disease and to promote effective surveillance and control strategies. The West African Health Organization (WAHO/OOAS), with support from technical and financial partners, should bring countries in a One Health approach to address these issues through the funding of regional and subregional projects with the key sectors involving in this disease: public, animal, and environmental health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISRA/LNERV, Dakar-Hann, Senegal

    Assane Gueye Fall, Modou Moustapha Lo, Mamadou Ciss, Biram Bitèye, Mame Thierno Bakhoum & Momar Talla Seck

  2. UFR des Sciences Agronomiques, de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA), Université Gaston Berger, Saint Louis, Sénégal

    Nicolas Djighnoum Diouf

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  1. Assane Gueye Fall
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Correspondence to Assane Gueye Fall .

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  1. Ecole Supérieure en Science de l’Aliment et des Industries Agro-Alimentaire, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Productions Animales», Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d’Alger (ENSV), El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria

    Moustafa Kardjadj

  2. UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France, ISRA-LNERV, Dakar-Hann, Senegal

    Adama Diallo

  3. UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France

    Renaud Lancelot

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Fall, A.G. et al. (2019). West Nile Fever: A Challenge in Sahelian Africa. In: Kardjadj, M., Diallo, A., Lancelot, R. (eds) Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25385-1_9

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