Abstract
Sea-level rise observed at tide gauges must be corrected for vertical land motion, observed with GNSS, to obtain the absolute sea-level rise with respect to the centre of the Earth. Both the sea-level and vertical position time series contain temporal correlated noise that need to be taken into account to obtain the most accurate rate estimates and to ensure realistic uncertainties. Satellite altimetry directly observes absolute sea-level rise but these time series also exhibit colored noise. In this chapter we present noise models for these geodetic time series such as the commonly used first order Auto Regressive (AR), the General Gauss Markov (GGM) and the ARFIMA model. The theory is applied to GNSS and tide gauge data from the Pacific Northwest coast.
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Acknowledgements
Timothy I. Melbourne, Jean-Philippe Montillet and Walter M. Szeliga would like to acknowledge that their work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Research Opportunities in Solid Earth Science Grant No. NNXlOAD15G. Operations of the Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array, including archiving and daily analysis of GNSS data, was supported by the USGS National earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Cooperative Agreement G15AC00062. Raw GPS observations from PANGA GPS stations can be downloaded at the website (http://www.panga.cwu.edu/data/bysite/) for the PANGA stations and UNAVCO (ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/products/position/) for the PBO(-NMT) stations. Data from the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory were used in this study. Tide gauge time series are downloaded from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) website.
The work carried out by Machiel S. Bos and Rui M. S. Fernandes was sponsored by national Portuguese funds through FCT in the scope of the project IDL-FCT- UID/GEO/50019/2019 and grant number SFRH/BPD/89923/2012. Computational resources were provided by C4G—Collaboratory for Geosciences (PINFRA/22151/2016).
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Montillet, JP., Bos, M.S., Melbourne, T.I., Williams, S.D.P., Fernandes, R.M.S., Szeliga, W.M. (2020). Estimation of the Vertical Land Motion from GNSS Time Series and Application in Quantifying Sea-Level Rise. In: Montillet, JP., Bos, M. (eds) Geodetic Time Series Analysis in Earth Sciences. Springer Geophysics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21718-1_11
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